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PUBLISHER'S PREFACE 



It is our endeavor to publish a book which will be accepted as authority 
in every neighborhood where one is in use. 

To make a book sufficiently brief, and without losing any item of interest, 
has been made possible by the large number of illustrations used. 

We wish to have a book which will not tire the busy stockman. Many 
ideas which we have given in this book will be invaluable if known in advance 
of trouble. For this reason a hasty reading of the book will increase its value 
as a reference book. 

As an aid in using as a reference, always rely upon the index in the back 
pages. 

In all treatments that we advise, it is necessary to follow the instructions , 
as given in the book and in more detail as the directions read upon our pre- 
pared prescriptions. 

In many instances we believe the best interests of the stock owner is to 
have the special prescriptions prepared at the drug store. In every such case 
we give the advice with the prescription printed out complete in the book. 

We wish in having prescriptions filled it will be possible to have our 
agency store prepare for you. Our agency stores have interest in the cure of 
every case treated from our advice. This interest should not be overlooked as 
doubtless it has value. 

Our guarantee given for all prescriptions prepared under our name 
"Leithhead's Guaranteed Veterinary Remedies" is only effective v^hen from 
one of our established agencies. 

Kindly note the agency advertisement -who has supplied you with this 
book. Respectfully, 

L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO. 
Publishers. 




TUB SKELETON OF THE HORSE. 

NAM1N(.KACII PART ASNr.MHKKKI), ACC()RI)IN(i TO THK IT)M.O\VIN(i— HoNK NAMES: 



A. Cervical vertebrae. 

T', t'lB. Dors.'il vi-rtehr.'ie. 

L. Lumbar vertebrae. 

I). Sacrum. 

E. Coccygeal bones. 

r. to I'. Ribs. 

t .. Cartile|;e holdin;^ the ribs. 

II. Scapula. 

1. Ilunierus. 



K. K. Radii. 

L. Ulva. 

M. Car])us, or 8 knee bones, as 
numbered 

N. N. Large meta caqiol. 

O. Small meta carpol. 

I'. I*. Sessamoid bones. 

Q- H- I'lialanges, which includes 3 
as mumbered 



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Nursing and Care. 



GRADUATION OF DOSES. 

The doses given below are for full-grown 
animals of medium size; make allowance for 
weight above or below the average of his 
kind. For young animals ou account of their 
smaller size need less medicine. The follow- 
ing table may answer this: 



Horses, etc. 


Ox. 


Dose. 


3 years. 


2 years. 1 


part. 


IVi— 3 years. 


1—2 years. % 


part. 


9—18 months 


. 6—12 months. 14 


part. 


5 — 9 months. 


3—6 months. i/^ 


part. 


1—5 months. 


1—3 months. 1-16 


part. 


Sheep. 


Swine. 


Dose. 


IVi years. 


15 months. 1 


part. 


15 month.s. 


8—15 months, v^ 


part. 


5 — 9 months. 


6—8 months. Vi 


part. 


3—5 months. 


3—6 months. Vs 


part. 


1—3 months. 


1—3 months. 1-16 


part. 


Dogs. 


Dose. 




% yea 


r. 1 part. 




3—6 months. V4 part. 




l%-3 


months. V4 part. 




20—45 


days. % part. 




10—20 


days. 1-16 part. 





Nervous nnlmals are more impressible, con- 
tinued use tends to decrease the nction of a 
single drug. 



NURSING AND FEEDING SICK 
ANIMALS. 

Much quicker recovery follows good nurs- 
ing of the sick animal. In order to do it 
well the nurse must know the ways of the 
animal in health. A few simple rules will 
flESist the beginner. First, by having it 
warm in the winter and cool in summer. 
Second, plenty of fresh air to breathe, avoid 
a draft. Third, ventilation without drafts. 
Fourth, protection, a woolen blanket in win- 
ter and linen sheets or net in summer. Hoods 
to cover the head and neck, if the stable Is 
not warm. Warm or the right degree is from 
55 to 60 degrees F. Weak lambs and sick 
dogs require from 62 to 70 degrees F. to be 
called warm. The house is better for them. 

A place with good drainage is the best lo- 
cation for stables. The food to be simple 
clean, nutritious, cooked. If possible, changed 
occasionally and administered often and in 
small quantities. Give green food, if possible. 
Oats, corn, barley, shorts, etc., ground and 
scalded with boiling water, covered and left 
to steam till cold, and then givt-n. Warm 
milk for calves, and the same diluted and 
sweetened a little for lambs and foals; beef, 
tea, raw eggs, porridge of either oat or corn 
meal and milk for dogs, and the same for 
pigs will be found to be the best diet, given 
often and a small amount at a time, be care- 
ful not to over-feed, It Increases a fever. 
Horses, cattle, etc., feed three or four times 
a day: foals, calves, lambs, dogs, etc., every 
two to four hours. 

Fever patients must have pure water near, 
so they can help themselves when they wish 
it. Those suffering from diarrhoea or exces- 
sive purgation, water four or five times a 
day. but in smaller quantities. 

Rest must be given to sick animnls; many 
cases prove fatal from working too long after 
being taken sick. Do not put to work too 
soon after recovery. 



Teeth of the Horse. 



COLTS' TEETH. 




FIG. 1 

The milk incisors of the lower jaw as seen from 
the right side, when fully developed, are here 
represented. The 'exterior surface of the teeth 
are arched as above represented. The explana- 
tion of the figure is: a, the nippers; b, the middle 
tooth; c, the corner tooth; h, the contracted body 
of teeth; i, the narrow arched neck of teeth; m, 
the root of teeth; A, B, C, the concave hollow of 
teeth towards hollow of the mouth; d A /, d B /, 
^ C/, the outer edges of teeth; de/, the inner 
edge of teeth, somewhat lower than the outer edge 
— the mark is inclosed within these inner and 
outer edges; ^, the hollow inside surface of body 
of tooth. 




FIG. 2. HALF YEAR. 

An inside view of the lower jaw of a half-year- 
old foal. The outer and inner edges of nippers 
are worn, while only the outer edge of the middle 
is worn and the corner teeth have not yet come 
into contact. 




FIG. 3. HALF YEAR. 

Outer side of the jaw of a foal six months old. 
u a, the nippers; d, b, the middle tooth; c, c, the 
corner tooth. 




FIG. 4; HALF YEAR. 

(A side view of the jaw of a foal at six months 
old. a, a, the nippers; b, the middle tooth; c, the 
corner tooth. 




FIG. 5 ONE YEAR; 

At one year old the lower jaw presents the ap- 
pearance represented in this figure The outer 
and inner edges of all the incisors are partly worn 
by grinding, while the inner edges of the corner 
teeth alone are uninjured. 



Eggs in Winter When Using Leithhead's Poultry Powder, 



lO 



HOW TO SAVE HOKSE FLESH. 




FIG. 6 TWO YEARS. 

Here we have the lower jaw as it appears at 
two years old. The mark of the nippers and 
middle teeth are now worn down as well as their 
edges. The inner edge of the corner teeth also 
begins to show wear. 

The Colt's teeth begin to shed at two and a 
half years old, and the permanent or Horse's 
teeth then appear to take their places 

HORSE TEETH. 




FIG. 7. A. 

The horse incisors of the lower jaw as seen 
from the outiide, with the outer surface arched 
towards the bony blade of the socket. The hook 
teeth are now seen for the first time. 

Explanation — </,<;, the nippers; /', />, middle 
teeth; c c, the corner teeth; A' A', the hook teeth, 
e, d, the line from d to e shows the position of the 
cavity in the outer partition of the mark; o, o, o, o, 
the furrows which distinguish the horse's teeth 
from colt's teetli; ///, w, the roots of the hooks. 

FIG. 7. B 
The iacisor teeth of the lower jaw as seen from 
the inside of the mouth. '/, a, the nippers, show- 




ing wear of the upper and outer edge; /', /', the 
middle tooth, showing wear on the outer edge 
while the inner edge remains uninjured; c, c, the 
corner teeth; </, c", c, c, the dotted lines, mark the 
divisions between the crown of the teeth and the 
gums; A', A', the hook teeth about to push through 
the gums; w, w, w, w, the roots of the teeth not 
filled out with bony substance. 

FIG. 8. A. D. 

A nipper in the var- 
ious stages of develop- 
ment from three to 
twenty-four years. / 
is the incisor pushing 
through at three years 
old; from 1 to 2 is its 
breadth, from '.^ to 4 its 
thickness. // is the 
same tooth ot six years, 
the crown worn off I4 
inch, the breadth de- 
creasing and the thick- 
ness increasing so that 
the surface takes more 
of an oval form. /// 
is the tooth at twelve 
years old, the surface 
nearly round and the 
breadth and thickness 
nearly the same. At 
eighteen years old the 
surface becomes triang- 
ular, as shown at //'. 
At twenty-four years the tooth is just the reverse 
of what it was at three years, and the breadth is 
only half the thickness. — .V^-^- /', 

The large figure /^ shows an incisor of a full 
grown horse, split lengthwise. </, ti, /, the outer 
raised edge; a, •>, the funnel shaped cavity of the 
tooth; k, the hollow body of the tooth; ni, the root 
not yet filled. 




L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A 



TEETH OF THE HORSE. 



II 




FIG. 8. B. C. 
The large figures B. and C. represent side 
views of a horse incisors, in which the root c, c, 
is twice as thick as the upper end. The two small 
figures on the right and left at b and c show side 
views of a foal's tooth. 





FIG. 11. FOUR AND ONE-HALF YEARS. 

At four and a half years the foal teeth are all 
gone from the lower jaw. The nippers show 
wear on both edges, and the outer edge of middle 
teeth is worn. The hook teeth and the corner 
teeth of the horse are just appearing. 



FIG. 9, TWO AND ONE HALF YEARS. 

The lower jaw at two and one half years old. 
The horse nippers are just pushing through the 
gums, while the middle and corner teeth not yet 
shed (foal teeth) present a smooth, worn appear- 
ance. 




FIG. 10. THREE AND ONE-HALF YEARS. 
At three and a half years the lower jaw presents 
the appearance shown in this figure. The middle 
(horse teeth) are just pushing through, and the 
nippers show wear on the outer edge. The cor- 
ner teeth (foal teeth) are worn down blunt 




FIG. 12. FIVE YEARS. 
A side view of the lower jaw at five years old. 




FIG. 13. FIVE YEARS. 

A front view of the lower jaw at five years old 
is here given. 



INSURE AGAINST LOSS WITH LEITHHEAD'S COLIC CURE. 50c. 



I 2 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 




sented. The pointed ends of the hook teeth have 
become more rounder, and worn away somewhat. 
Both edges of the corner teeth are worn to a 
smooth surface, with a small cavity between them. 
The middle teeth have lost their cavity and show 
an even surface all the way across. 



FIG. 11. ITVE YEARS. 
The lower jaw at five years — an inside view. 
The nippers are worn down on both edges until 
the mark is nearly gone The outer edge only of 
jhe middle teeth shows wear, while the outer edge 
of the corner teeth is just beginning to be worn 
a little. The full-grown hook teeth do not show 
any wear whatever. 




FIG. 15. SIX YEARS 
In the lower jaw at six years old the nippers 
are worn down even with the middle teeth, which 
latter still have a cavity. The inner edge of th-? 
corner teeth is also even with the outer one. 





FIG. 17. EIGHT YEARS 

At eight years old the teeth of the lower jaw, 
forward of the hooks, are all equally worn, and 
only a trace of the mark is seen in the corner 
teeth. The edges of the hook teeth are worn 
down almost half. 



I FKi. it) M-.vi'.N 1 EARS. 
The lower jaw at seven years is here repre- 




FIG. 18. NINE YEARS. 

The upper jaw at nine years is shown in the 
above figure The mark in the corner teeth is 
comparatively deep and clearly defined; the mark 
is still visible in the middle teeth; but it has al- 
most entirely disappeared from the nippers, and 
the inner edge is worn down. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



TEETH OF THE HORSE. 



13 




FIG. 19. NINE YEARS. 
The upper jaw at nine years old — a side view. 
d, the indentation usually seen in the corner tooth. 




FIG. 22, TWELVE YEARS. 
Showing the lower jaw at twelve years old. 
The nippers are round, or nearly so — as thick as 
they are broad. The middle teeth are getting 
round, and the corner teeth are gaining ici?thick- 
ness by comparison with their breadth. 




FIG. 20. TEN YEARS. 
In the upper jaw at ten years the mark in 
middle teeth is worn down. The mark in the 
corner teeth is still visible. 




FiG. 21. ELEVEN YEARS. 
In the upper jaw at eleven years old the mark 
of the corner teeth is worn down even with the 
edges. 



FIG. 23. TWELVE YEARS. 
In the upper jaw at twelve years the indenta- 
tion in corner tooth has become larger and more 
plainly visible, d^ the indentation increased in 
size. 




FIG. 24. THIRTEEN YEARS. 
The nippers and middle teeth of the lower jaw 
at thirteen years^old are almost perfectly round. 
Their breadth and thickness are the same. The 
corner teeth are not yet round, but are fast be- 
coming so. The hook teeth are now blunt. 



Leithhead's Sheep Dip Increases the Wool Crop. 



14 



HOW TO SAVE HORSR FLESH. 





FIG 25 FOURTEEN YEARS. 

. , ., , . . FIG 28. SEVENTEEN YEARS. | 

The corner teeth of the lower jaw have now ^. . .u t .u • u 

i uc »,ui iici ic«^ w J ^jjg corner teeth of the upper jaw become J 

become round. ^^^^^ ^^ seventeen years old \ 




FIG. 26. FIFTEEN YEARS. 

The nippers of the upper jaw become round at 
fifteen vears olds. 




FIG, 27. SIXTEEN YEARS. 

The middle teeth of the upper jaw become 
round at sixteen years old. 




FIG. 2U i_.iOiiiLi.N .EARS. 
The nippers in the lower jaw are triangular 
at eighteen years old. 




FIG. .30. NINETEEN YEARS. 
The middle teeth of the lower jaw are also tri- -, 
angular at nineteen years old. j 




FIG 31. TWENTY YEARS 
In the lower jaw at twenty years old the corner 
teeth have become triangular. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



TEETH OF THE HORSE. 



15 




FIG. 32. TWENTY-ONE YEARS. 
The nippers of the upper jaw are now trian| 
ular. 




FIG. 33. TWENTY-TWO YEARS. 
The middle teeth of the upper jaw become tri- 
angular at twenty-two years old. 




FIG. 34. TWENTY-THREE YEARS. 
The corner teeth of the upper jaw assume the 
triangular shape at twenty-three years. 




FIG. 35. TWENTY-FOUR YEARS. 
The nippers of the lower jaw are now twice as 
thick as they are broad. 




FIG. 36. TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. 
The middle teeth of the "ower jaw are now 
twice as thick as they are broad. 




FIG. 37. TWENTY-SIX YEARS 
The corner teeth of the lower jaw at twenty- 
six years are twice as thick as they are broad. 




FIG. 38. TWENTY-SEVEN YEARS. 
The nippers of the upper jaw have now become 
twice as thick as they are broad. 




FIG. 39. TWENTY-EIGHT YEARS. 
The middle teeth in the upper jaw are twice 
as thick as they are broad. 



A Thermometer will tell you when to use LEITHHEAD'S PINK EYE AND FEVER CURE 



i6 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 




FIG. 40. TWENTY-NINE YEARS. 
The comer teeth of the upper jaw at twenty- 
nioe years old are twice as thick as they are broad 

HORSES TEETH- Irregular 




\k 



FIG. 41. TWENTY YEARS 
Here we have a tooth of the lower jaw that is 
twelve lines too long, as shown by the diagram. 
It has grown up a line each year, but, owing to 
its position too far forward in the mouth, it has 
not worn down proportionally. The mark indi- 
cates eight years, but we must add twelve for 
the extra lines — which gives twenty years as the 
true age of the horse. 





FIG 42 TWENTY YEARS. 
Sho\*ing an inside view of the lower jaw at 
twenty years when the teeth are twelve lines too 
long. The mark and the friction surface only 
show eight years' wear. 




FIG. 43. TWENTY YEARS. \ 

Here the superfluous length of the same teeth 

is removed, and we have an inside view of the , 

lower jaw, showing the natural wear of a twenty ' 

year-old mouth. ', 




FIG. 44. TWENTY YEARS. 
This gives an outside view of the lower jaw, 
showing the teeth in their proper length at 
twenty years. 




FIG. 45. SIXTEEN YEARS. 
Here we have an outside view of the lower 
jaw at sixteen years, showing teeth ten lines too 
long. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



TEETH OF THE HOUSE. 



17 




FIG 46. SIXTEEN YEARS. 
This is an inside view of the same jaw in 
which the mark indicates six years, but, as the 
teeth are ten Hnes too long, the true age is six- 
teen years. 




OUR GUARANTEE 
TRADE MARK 
A OPTED DEC 



The Best Treatment for Cuts— Leithhead's Phenyle. 



Diseases of the Feet. 



CARE OF THE FEET IN THE STABLE. 

Car** >>{ the te<'i jiu'lin-ru'es he;ilih. I'ity 
horses Lontinually and country horses in dry 
weather, should have the feet soaked out in 
a foot biitii or clay puddle, or packed with 
MH'ist sponge or oil-cake two or tliree times a 
week. Neglect causes the hoof to contract 
from want of moisture, gets brittle, crack 
and lose nearly all toughness. If the hoof 
is brittle or cracks, Lelthhead's Hoof Oint- 
ment must be used In adilition to the above. 



CORNS. 

Remove the shoe; pare out the quartei- to 
remove all pressure, if there be any matter 
under the sole, open to let it out, then put 
the foot into a linseed poultice made soft 
with liot water. After twenty-four hours, re- 
new it. After the poultice is off, examine 





Sole of Foot ShowinK posilioii Sole of a foot show'ng a 
of the corn. small scarlet spot in- 

dicating a new corn. 

the foot to see if It needs any more paring; 
if the hole is deep, you will need to cut the 
hoof well away to allow the matter to escape 
freely; if you do not do this the matter will 
work up through to the top of the hoof. Be- 
fore poulticing the .second time use Lelth- 
head's White Liniment in the corn. Dress 
with the u.se of Lelthhead's White Liniment 
once a day till well. For proud flesh burn 
it with powdered blue vitriol. 

QUITTOR. 

If the festering of any sore works through 
and breaks out at the top of the hoof at the 
junction with the hair. It Is Qulttor. 

WHAT TO DO. Poultice the foot for 
twenty-four hours to soften. Open the dis- 
f-aned part at the bottom to allow the matter 



it any, to run out. if none is found at the i 
bottom, do not cut the hoof to make it bleed, 
this would only make another sore, and do i 





A yUITTOR 

In active suppuration be- A QUITTOR 

fore (he pus has broken After it has broken out at 

out at the top. the top. 

no good. Open freely at the top; probe with 
a piece of smooth rounded whalebone to find 
how deep the hvle is, and in what direction. 
Then follow the probe down with the knife 
and open right out and down the hoof, as 
far as the hole goes, taking out a V-shaped 
piece of the wall to allow the matter to es- 
cape at the bottom, instead ot makmg it come 
out at the top. Scarify the purple flesh to 
set up a healthy artificial inflammation in 
the part. Then sponge it out with warm wat- 
er to cleanse it and follow with Lelthhead's 
White Liniment. 



QUARTER AND SAND CRACKS. 

Easily known as but a crack or split of the 
hoof It miy be at the top or bottom, or of any 
size in any part of the hoof. Often causes lame- 
ness Treatment 'is {ollows; 

If the flesh grows up between the edges 
of the crack, burn it down with powdered 





yUARTEK CRACK. 



FALSE yUAKTHR 
Or deiciency of the outer 
wall. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE FEET 



19 





SAND CRACK 
CLOSING A HOOF CRACK Pared to ofEer relief. Shod 
with thin wire. wuh clips, 

blue vitriol, applied once a day. When it is 
di-v dress it with pine tar once a day. Blister 





FALSE QUARTER 
pecial shoeing to releive 



QUARTER CRACK 
To the top, trimmed and 
shod. 



the coronet at the junction of the hoof and 
the hair, with Leithhea-d's Blister Salve 





QUARTER CRACK SAND CRACK 

Showing the hoof pared and Dressed and shod for relief 
shod over the broken por- 
tion. 

around from heel to heel, but do not blister 
back of the heels, in the hollow of the pastern. 



SEEDY TOE. 



It is a dry mealy condition of the wall of 
the toe. Take the shoes off and pare away 




SEEDY TOE SHOWING THE SEPARATION OF THE 
WALL FROM THE SOFT PARTS UNDERNEATH. 



to -remove bearing. Pick out the mealy sub- 
stance that breaks easily, and use warm tar, 




A SHOE WITH CLIP LIKE THIS CUT REPRESENTS 
WILL SOMETIMES CAUSE SEEDY TOE. 

Replace the shoe and 



pressed in with tow. 




TO AVOID SEEDY TOE 
pare foot like this cut shows before shoeing with the clip, 
apply Leithhead's Blister Salve to the coronet. 

PRICKING FROM NAILS. 

When you have removed the shoe, and 
found where the prick is, pare out the hole, 
and around it a little, to thin the hoof; this 
will relieve the pressure when it begins to 
swell. Then tupn in a small quantity of 
Leithhead's White Liniment. This will tend 




PRICKING FROM NAILS SHOWING THE SHOE 
partly pulled off and nails pricking foot when the weight 
comes down. 



Prevention is Wortii More thian Cure— Leitliiiead's HogClmoiera Remedy. 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE KLESH. 



to prevent suppuration. Then put the foot 
in n boot, or bag of linseed meal poultice. 
Change it once a day and examine the wound 
each time, to see thnt any mntter that forms 
can escape. This Is very Important. If proud 
flesh conies up, keep it duwii with powdered 




THE SOLE Ol- A lo.M SHOWING 
nail wound and and tiow to pare it. 

blue vitriol, applied once a day; if it cornea 
up suddenly, as large as your thumb, you 
can cut it off with perfect safety. Then, 
when It stops bleeding, dress It with vitriol. 
As soon as there Is no more matter and the 
lameness is nearly Konn, leave off the poul- 
tice and dress It once a day with pine tar. 

ACUTE FOUNDER. 

Founder is of two kinds, acute and chronic. 
It Is acute if the symptoms are aggravated 
with more or less fever. It is chronic when 
diseased condition has taken an organized 
form, and is not attended by any fever, either 
by a slight local heat. 

Give one pint of raw linseed oil. then pull 
off the shoes and pare to let him stand on 
the sole aJid frog. If the feet are firm lay 



him down to remove them. Then use a hot 
foot bath one or two feet at a time. Have 
fresh and hot water with a little mustard In 
it. Bathe the legs as high as the knees and 
hocks, with this water and mustard, let stand 
until the water cools, then put each foot into 
a linseed poultice and bandage the legs with 
flannel. Repeat morning and night until the 
soroness is nearly gone from the feet. Then 
stand him in a clay puddle, day times only 
and continue as long as there is any stiffness. 
I..eavo the shoes off till well enough to work. 
Use Lelthhead's Fever Cure for fever, until 
It leaves. Feed lightly on warm mashs, 
scalded oats, grass, etc. 

CHRONIC FOUNDER. 

You cannot do anything to cure It. Some 
help is derived by using Lelthhead's Blister 




A HORSE SUFFERING WITH CHRONIC OR SUB-ACUTK ; 

KOUNPER , 

Salve around the coronets once a month, j 
Reset the st^oes often. 





A HOOF WITH RINGS 
SHOWING EFFECT OF 
FOUNDERED CONDI- 
TION. 



A CONVENIENT WAY TO TREAT THE FHET OK A FOUNDERED HOKSK. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO.. DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE FEET. 



21 



PUMICED FEET. 

Acute laminitis neglected causes the con- 
[lection between the sensible and insensible 
laminae, or leaves to be destroyed by the 
effusion that accumulates between them, the 
toe of the bone tip on the sole pushes down 
to the ground, and makes the lower surface 
convex instead of concave, as it should be. 
Nothing can de done to cure this trouble. 



THRUSH. 

Thrush is a rotting of the frog, and is at- 
tended with a very offensive, black watery 
discharge. The frog would rot off to the heels 
if not attended to. 

Trim off the ragged parts of the frog, 
clean out the holes and crevices with a case 
knife, then apply linseed poultices with char- 
coal. After twenty-four hours take off and 
clean. Dress the affected parts with Carbo- 
Zine salve well introduced into all the cracks. 
Repeat this the first and third day. "When it 
is all dried up dress the parts with pine tar. 



NAVICULAR DISEASE. 

The tendons of the leg passing down the 
back of the leg to the foot, and around be- 




DIAGRAM 
Showing course of the nerve that is severed in neutrono- 
my. A is the nerve leading to the frog. 

neath the navicular bone and joint of the 
foot, directly above the frog, attaches itself 
to a rough hollow on the sole of the coffin 
bone. Disease of this part of the tendon, 
bone or joint is navicular disease. 
Relieve the tension on the bone tendon. 



Then put the foot in a hot, soft, linseed poul- 
tice; change it once a day, and continue it 
for a couple of weeks. Matter never shows 
itself in navicular disease. Trace the pus if 
there is any to its origin, and treat it as if 
for pricks from nails, and corns. After ten 
days, if the horse is better, take off the poul- 
tices and apply Leithhead's blister salve, to 
the hollow of the pastern, if it is swollen, if 
not, let alone. Then turn him out to grass, 
with the shoe on, but reset it once a month, 
with the same directions carried out as given 
above. 

CONTRACTIONS OF THE FOOT. 

Nearly always the effect of some other dis- 
ease. When there is no other disease in the 
foot, and contractions come from neglected 
shoeing, take off shoes, pare the feet down 
to be able to press the sole with the thumb, 
open the heels up to the soft parts, rasp off 




A LOW-HEELED FLAT FOOT 
Seldom afflicted with contraction. 

the quarters to leave the frog as large as 
possible. Then rub in a little Leithhead's 
Blister Salve to the coronet, smear the quar- 
ters with Leithhead's Hoof Ointment once 
a day, and turn out to pasture on soft ground. 




SHOE LEFT ON TOO LONG. 
Causing the hoof to grow over the shoe at the quarters and 
contract. 



Will Add Flesh to Your Swine Herd-Leithhead's Hog Cholera Remedy. 



22 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 




A STRONG, UPRIGHT, HIGH-HEELED FOOT 
Predisposed to contraction. 

GRAVEL 

Trim the hoof off, rinse it out with a syringe 
by shooting the water into the hole with some 
force; then dig it out carefully, and inject 
into it Leithhend's Wliite Liniment. Apply a 
poultice, hot and soft. Ropeat treatment once 
a day till cured. 

CANKER. 

Disease of the feet caused bv the exposure of 
the soft structure often causes a shreddy 
leathery substance, to take the place of a 
sound hoof. This will be spongy, enlarged, 




CANKKR OF THE SOLE. 
Tlie horny sole beinK removed. 

soft and tender. Bad cases are usually con- 
sidered incurable; most cases will yield to 
proper treatment. Pare away all you can 
without bleeding, then dress with powdered 
blue vitriol. Keep the solo and all dressed 
portions dry: moistun- prevents a solid 




CANKER OF THE FROG. 
The horn laid back to sliow the diseased parts. 

growth. If any pus comes from the leave! 
insert into the hole a stick of lunar caustit 
Repeat once a day till the leaves are all re 
duced to a solid surface, then, if it is rai 
flesh, apply burnt alum or air-slacked lim« 
alternating them occasionally with the vitrlo 
Keep the sore part dry; after getting bette 
dress with pine tar and tow. The horse ma 
be shod as soon as this. 

CALKS. 

If the wound is of any lengtii beyond on 
inch, stitch it. Put the stitches half an ind 




CALKS OR TREAUS ON THE CORONET, 
apart, first clipping off the hair. If aH 
artery is cut, put a dry sponge over it an 
bandage tightly with a coarse cotton banc 




CALKS OR TKFAUS ON THE CORONET. 
age, leave it on ten or twelve hours then n 
move and dress with Leithhi-ad's Wliito lAn, 
iment. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE FEET. 



23 



"RACTURES OF THE BONE OF FOOT. 

Remove the shoe, find the location of the 
injury by pressure, tapping and pinching. 
Pare or file away the hoof, as to give it a 
chance to swell and relieve the pressure. Put 
the foot in a poultice; repeat once a day, and 
relieve the pain as much as possible by paring 
away all the hoot you can over and around' 




DIAGRAM OF FOOT 
Showing the position of the coffin bone which is often 
fractured. 

the part. If there is pus, you may be sure 
there is a broken piece of bone that is acting 
as an irritant, and must be removed. Re- 
iTQOve all pieces, for every piece that is separ- 
ated from the main body will have to come 
Dut. When all pieces are removed, dress with 
Leithhead's White Liniment twice a day until 
the discharge is stopped. 

STONE BRUISES. 

The shoe being removed, put into a poultice 
for twenty-four hours, liberate the pus that 
may have been formed. If none is found with- 
out cutting too deep, replace the poultice and 




BOTTOM OF FOOT 
Showing a stone caught between the sole and shoe. 



try again the next day. Locate the bruise 
by pinching all around. If the tissue is off 
the coffin bone, it will come out like a core 
when it is sufficiently rotted and the " sole 
is cut underneath. This sole must be cut 
away that the core may come out. When the 
core comes out dress the spot with Leith- 
head's WTiite Liniment. 

SIDE BONE. 

Side bone is the hardening of the lateral 
cartilages of the fore feet. Tbey are cov- 
ered only with the skin, and can be felt read- 
ily. If perfectly solid you may know the 
trouble. Foment with hot water in cold 
weather and cold water in hot water. Apply 
as constantly as possible, wrap in woolen 
cloths saturated with water between the time 




DIAGRAM OF FOOT 

Showing position of wing of Coffin bone, often badly 
bruised and sometimes fractured. 

of bathing. When the soreness has left and 
lameness ceases apply Leithhead's Blister 
Salve over the spot. This will absorb all 
inflammation. After once thoroughly har- 
dened all lameness leaves, but there will be 
a clumsy, stiff action due to a want of elas- 
ticity. 




OUR GUARANTEE 
TRADE MARK 
ADOPTED DEC. 



A Sure Ringworm Cure— Leithhead's Phenyle. 



Diseases of the Legs. 



THOROUGHPIN. 

Apply a cooling lotion. Bathe the pnrt with 
hot water, give absolute rest, apply Leith- 



Lelthhead's Liquid Blister will relieve al 





ENLARGEMENT 
forminf; tborou^hpin. 



DIAGRAM SHOWING 
dissection of llioroughpin 
anil bog spavin: also the 
junction of tliese two affec- 
tions. 



head's Liquid Blister. In a case of a young 
colt getting thoroughpin shorten his allow- 
ance of feed a little for a couple of mouths. 

BLOOD SPAVIN. 

Upon examination with the hand, the en- 
largement will be found to be soft and readily 
rubbed down, which should be often done. 
This treatment is the only one of any virtue. 

BONE SPAVIN. 

Bone spavin is a disease of the hock joint. 
Inflammation is first seen, effusion following, 
which if not treated for at once will ossify this 
joint and a permanent spavin will result. 

The disease Is not curable. The lameness 





BONE SPAVIN 



sfiowin^ the long tumor 
on the inner side of the 
hock joint. 



POSITION OF A 

foot that cannot be 
raised from t h e 
ground by reason of 
spavin. 

Is. If taken before any effusion Is thrown 
out, the disease can be cured. Aftor effusion 
Is thrown out and ossification has begun, 




Position of a healthy foot raised from 
the ground in an easy trot. 

lameness. Tliis treatment should be followctj^ 




with rest 

than all so-called 



FEELING FOR A SPAVIN. 

Leithhead's Liquid Blister is bett« 
spavin cures. 



f 



OCCULT SPAVIN. 

When it is satisfactorily located give it thi 
same treatment as for bone spavin. 

Occult spavin is similar to bone spavin, excepi 
there is no enlargement. The lameness is severej: 

BOG SPAVIN. 

Bathe it continuously with either hcK oi 
cold water for twelve hours, then apply an 




HOCK JOINT SHOWING THE ENLARGMENT 
OF THE BOG SPAVIN. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



k 



DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 



25 



Ml-meal poultice hot and soft. Continue for 
several days, chang-ing once a day and bath- 
ing with hot water at the time of changing. 
When the soreness and lameness are gone, 
Eupply Leithhead's Liquid Blister. 

CURB. 

Curb is an enlargement on the back of the hock. 

Bathe the part with hot water for half an 

hour at a time three or four times a day. 




SICKLE OR cow HOCKS, 
nost liable to curb. 

Raise the heel an inch; continue this treat- 
ment till all soreness is gone, about a week 
3r ten days, then apply Leithhead's Blister 
Salve. 

RING BONE. 

Ringbone is the bony enlargement on the 
eastern . 
In the first stage apply hot baths, three 





Foot of a horse affected Diagram showing pastern and 

with ringbone. The pas- pedal bone of horse affected 

ern joints being entire- with severe ringbone, 
y stiffened. 

3r four times a day till all active inflamma- 



tion is gone, then blister with Leithhead's 
Blister Salve. 

SPRAIN OF BACK TENDONS OF THE 
FORELEGS. 

This trouble is very common. Shoe so as 
to raise the heels an inch. Apply hot water 
to the part till soreness is gone. After doing 
this apply Leithhead's White Liniment. 
Bandage as tight as the soreness will allow, 
and with a dry cotton or linen bandage. Do 
this after applying the liniment. 

BROKEN DOWN. 

Broken down is the rupture of the suspens- 
ory ligaments. In cases of break down it is 
mercy to kill the animal. If not to be saved 
for breeding purposes. The same treatment is 
to be used as for sprain of the back tendons. 

SPLINT. 

Splint is an enlargement of cannon bone just 
below the knee. 

If noticed when the ' injury first occurs 
apply hot or cold water till the soreness is 





DIAGRAM SHOWING 
the different locations of 
splints. 1. High splint near 
the knee. 3. Low splint far 
below the knee. 3. Bog 
tumor, often miscalled a 
splint. 



SPLINTS OF A SERIOUS KIND. 

1. Splints involving the knee 
joint. 3. Splint interfering 
with the back tendons. 3. 
Small splint under the ten- 
don of the extensor muscle 



nearly gone, then apply Leithhead's Blister 
Salve. Give a couple of week's rest. Feed 
on light, soft food while idle. 



Adds More Flesh than the Price— Leithhead's Hog Cholera Remedy. 



26 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



CAPPED HOCK AND ELBOW. 

Is a svselliUK like a tumor; filled with a 
watery fluid tin^jed with blood. Empty and 
treat to prevent a calloused fibrous mass. 
Give one and a half to two pints of raw lin- 
seed oil. Bathe the parts with .salted hot 
water. Continue for an hour and dry. Then 
use Leithhead's White Liniment. Often it is 





HOCK. AN UNUSUALLY LARGE 

capped hock. 

advisable to tap it with a knife and let the 
water out. Make the opening large eiiough 
to let the finger in. Syringe out with warm 
water and bathe with a phenyle solution, 
table.'^poonful to the pint. Repeat twice a 
day. Continue the external treatment as be- 
fore. Oive internally Leithhead's Condition 
Powders in the feed. This is to remove. 

FRACTURES. 

Veterinarian must be liad. I.,eithhead's 
Fever Remedy is good foi- the fever. 

OPEN JOINTS. 

Often fatal. Irritation fever causes death. 
The best of care and treatment must be given. 
Wash the wound with diluted phenyle 
Deep wounds full of pus need to be syringed 
out with a stronger solution (teaspoon to the 
pint.) Water must be tepid. Be gentle. Fill 
the washed wound with the following: 

Glycerine, two teaspoons; Phenyle, one 
teaspoon; nour to make a thick pa.ste. 

Make n plufr of the paste and Insert it lii 
the- WMund. then smear over the hard portion 
of the wound S. K. Belladonna (as bought 
of the druggist) covering with a cold poultice 
of oil cake. Chang^e twice a day. This poul- 
tice is to be continued till the flow of pus 
eeases an<l a clear secretion only remains. 
Then omit the plug and use the poultice ap- 
plied In ctmtact with the wound. Keep the 
horse from motion. Oive I.<elthhoad's C<mdl- 
tion Powders as a tonic from the beginning. 



BROKEN KNEES. 

Laceration of the soft parts, not the bones 
Remove any foreign matter as sand or pthe; 
substance and gently bathe the part. We' 
the wound with Leithhead's White Liniment 
Bind the skin with soft linen. Keep the aii 
out. ' Splints are sometimes necessary. Ii 
case there is fever, use Leithhead's Fevei 
Remedy. 

KNEE SPRUNG. 

Nothing can be done except to use Leith.j 
head's Blister in recent cases. 

COCKED ANKLES. 

Find the cause. Remove it. 

WIND GALLS. 

Make frequent applications of cold wateiit 
After a couple of days apply Leithhead's lAit 





WINDGALLS SHOWING 

situations and forms of 
windgalls. 



WINDGALLS AS THHV 
appear upon dissection. 



quid Blister, repeating at intervals till cured 

SWEENY. 

Foment with hot water cnever cold) for hal 
I an hour three times a day. Use a handful o 
I salt to the pail of hot water. In light ease 
Leithhead's White Liniment will cure if fol 
lowing this water treatment. In severe case 
use Leithhead's Liquid Blister. Give thi 
horse absolute rest. 

CRAMP. 

Cramp of the muscles of the back very oftei 
occurs in hard wDrked horses Often thought t( 
be stifle. Apply hot water quickly and continul 
until the muscle relaxes so as to allow the hers* 
to walk. Then rub dry and use Leithheadi 
white Liniment, apply with friction. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE LEGS. 



27 




ARRANGEMENT FOR USE WITH STIFLED HORSE. 



STIFLED LEGS. 

If dislocated tie a rope to the pasturn, pull 
vith this rope forward and outward. The 
nan handling- the rope to stand about a yard 
o the forward of the horse's shoulder. An- 
)ther man standing near the stifle pushes it 
n place. You can hear it snap as it returns 
.0 place. Use shoes to raise the lieels two 
uches. Bathe the stifle quite frequent to cool 
t. When the inflammation is gone use Leith- 
lead's Blister around the joint. Give a long 
•est. 

STOCKING. 

A name given to swelling of the legs. 

Reduce the swelling with exercise. After 
ivork bandage with cotton bandage in sum- 
ner, flannel in winter. Cool the \ess in sum- 
ner with cold water bath. Give Leithhead's 
Ilondition Powders constantly till cured. 

HIP LAMENESS. 

The bones can not be reached to replace so 
the treatment is to allow nature to be as- 
sisted with but the application of Leithhead's 
White Liniment. Allow the horse to rest 
5ome months. 



GREASE. 



Purge the horse with an aloes ball as the 
drugg^ist will make for you. Follow with 
Leitlihead's Condition Powder for the blood. 




FIRST SYMPTOM OF GREASE 

scratching one leg with the other foot. 



Apply hot poultices. Sprinkle powdered 
charcoal over the top of the poultice. Change 
once a day. After the inflammation is g^one 



Leithhead's Hoof Ointment will Cure Cracked Hoofs. 



a8 



HOW 1K> SAVE HORSE FLESH. 




FIRST STAGE OF CONFIRMED GREASE. EXUDATION. 

drop the poultice and apply Lelthhead's White 





hEi;(JNI) STAGE 

of continued grease cracks. 



GRAPES. 

The stage of grease in 
whicli horny lumps are 
seen, called grapes 



Liniment three times a day. Burn proud flesh 
with alum, should it appear. 

SCRATCHES OR CRACKED HEELS. 

dean them with a brush. Do not use water. 
If the horse comes In wet di y by bandag^lng 
with flannel t'll dry. When clean apply 




CRACKED HEEI. 

Lelthhead's Carbo-Zlnc Salve. 



If proud flesh 



burn with alum. Use Lelthhead's Condltioi 
Powder for a constant treatment for th< 
blood. 

MUD FEVER. 

A fever of the skin of the legs. 

Clean with a warm bath. Apply to th« 
cleaned surface Lelthhead's White Liniment 
After the swelling leaves apply fresh larc 
to the skin once a day, rub in well. Use Lelth- 
head's Condition Powders to purify the blood 
Mud fever neglected runs to carbuncle. 

CARBUNCLE. 

Similar to a bad boil. 

Have your druggist make you aloe balltt 
Give these to regulate the bowels. Glvf 
Lelthhead's Fever Cure at once and continut 
till the bowels are In good condition. Keel 
the sore clean with a solution of phenylai 
(1-40). Apply a hot soft linseed poultice ti] 
the part twice a day until the sore be^inji 
to granulate. Then omit and use Leithhead'ij 
White Liniment as a dressing three times ij 
day, washing it often to keep clean. Thif 
keeps from proud flesh. 

DISLOCATIONS. 

A bath of hot water three times a day to b« 
followed with an application of Leithhead'i 
White Liniment to which has been nddea 
1-3 its volume of Laudanum. Apply with m 
tight bandage. jl 

SORE SHINS. I 

May cause lameness. Give rest to the ani- 
mal. Remove the shoes. Hot water applica- 
tions three times a day to be followed witl 
an application of Lelthhead's White Llnimen 
to which has been added 1-3 its volume o: 
Laudanum. Continue till soreness Is gone 
Then, if necessary, use Lelthhead's Blister fo] 
the purpose of reducing the size. 

INTERFERING. 

Apply a boot on the leg that is brushed. 
good blacksmith can be of service. For swell 
Ing use Lelthhead's White Liniment after ho' 
water applications have been applied an< 
dried. 

RUPTURE OF MUSCLES. 

Hot water applications as often sis posslbl 
Leithliead's White Liniment to be applied 
between the hot water applications. To lini 
ment add 1-3 Its volume of laudanum. Whei 
Inflammation has left use Lelthhead's Bllstei 
to re-develop the shrunken muscles. Contia 
ue with sufficient exercise to keep the musci 
In health. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE LEGS 



29 




HORSE WITH WEED OR ELEPHANT LEG. 



WEED. 



A blood disease. Appearing as a swelling 
to the legs. Use a ball of Aloes to make bow- 
el action when sluggish. Leithhead's White 
Liniment to reduce the inflammation on the 



legs. Leithhead's Fever Cure when fevered. 
Leithfhead's Condition Powders to be the 
blood purifier. Frequent hot water baths to 
the inflammation is of much importance if 
followed with the application of the liniment. 




OUR GUARANTEE 
TRADE MARK 
ADOPTED DEC. 



12,000 Feeds for 25c— Leithhead's Poultry Powders. 



Diseases of the Body. 



GASTRITIS. 



HYPERTROPHY OF THE LIVER. 



An inflammation of the stomach, caused Due to heavy feed and idleness. Can only 

by over-eating. As it often leads to founder, be helped by reducing the flesh of the animal, 
we very seldom iiave a chance to treat it. 




Horse sutferine with Gastritis. 

SPRAIN OF THE BACK. 

If not broken, will be cured by usinpr Ijcith- 
head's Blister Salve, after clipping off the 
liair along the back. Rub well in and oil 
once a day afterwards. Repeat after two 
wpf-ks. 



CHRONIC GA.STRITIS. 
A horse qiienchiiifc; the tliirst of chronic gastritis. 




TEST FOR SPRAIN OK THE BACK. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



31 



PHARYNGITIS. 

Known by painful swallowing. Water re- 
turns by the nose when drinking. Food is 
quidded. Throat and glands enlarged on the 
outside. 

Examine the throat for foreign substance 
Apply Leithhead's Liquid Blister to the out- 
side. Give internally Leithhead's Fever Rem- 
edy. Feed on soft feed. If it continues long 
give oatmeal gruel injections. 

TEETH ACHE, DECAY, WOLF TEETH. 

See that a horse dentist is had. 

CARIES OR BONE ULCERATION. 

This trouble, coming from injury of the bit, 
from poll evil, from withers, from docking, 
affecting any bone. It is known by the of- 
fensive smell of bone decay. 

Wash the part. Making an opening, if 
possible, to allow the pus to escape, scrape 
the bone part diseased with a dull edge, and 
dress twice a day with a solution of two 
teaspoonsful of muriatic acid to a cup of 
water, apply witli a swab to tlie bone where 
diseased. Continue till all disease is gone, 
then apply Leitbhead's White Lmiment ro 
heal the flesh wound. 

SUNSTROKE. 

If a horse suddenly stops sweating and 
dries off, look out for sunstroke. In cases 
of sunstroke, use cold water on the head 
freely. Give whiskey in two ounce doses 
every half hour. 

If it leaves the animal weak in the gait, 
blister the back with Leithhead's Liquid 
Blister. 

FRACTURE OF THE SKULL. 

Is always shown by works of violence. 

Have that part of the bone that is pressed 
in removed. Keep clean and use Leithhead's 
White Liniment to hasten the healing pro- 
cess. 

Leithhead s Pink Eye & FEVER CURE 
should be used in case fever arises. Apply 
ice poultices to the head for /eral days 
and nights. 

Always fatal if fever arises so as to cause 
•delirium. 

PNEUMONIA. 

This is inflammation of the lung tissue, and 
is often brought on from Bronchitis, through 
neglect. 

In second stage the lungs become solid. 



the breath becomes shallow, the animal suf- 
focates for want of oxygen, and dies. Treat 
the same as for Bronchitis. 



RABIES OR HYDROPHOBIA. 

This disease is inoculated by a bite. It is 
always in saliva and blood, but not in the 
milk. It generally starts from a dog bite. 
The time between inoculation and the ap- 
pearance often delays as long as 90 days. 
There is no treatment that is beneficial. The 
disease is easily distinguished by the ap- 
pearance of tile horse. 



GLANDERS. 

A running at the nose with a grayish purple 
color to the lining. The discharge looks like 
melted butter. The jaw will swell. A veteri- 
nary judgement is necessary before the animal is 
to be killed. 

This disease is contagious to horse and 
man, and the price of an animal should not 
prevent his death to stop contagion. 



RHEUMATISM. 

Lameness flying from one point to another. 

Use Leithhead's White Liniment as a rub 
down on the leg after bathing them in hot 
water, and' bandage warmly with flannel. 
After acute symptoms have left, walk the 
animal. 

APOPLEXY. 

Caused by rushing blood to the brain. Al- 
ways remove harness; dash cold water over 
the head. 



ATROPHY OF THE HEART. 

Pulse often misses two or three beats. 
Death is liable to be sudden, due to clots that 
form in the heart and blood vessels. 

Give Leithhead's Condition Powders with 
1 drachm of nux vomica to each dose. 



BROKEN RIBS. 

Use surcingle to bandage on; keep the ribs 
from working. Then watch developments. 
If fever arises, use Leithhead's Fever Cure, 
and, feed on soft feed. 



BIG HEAD. 

Very rare — never cured. 



The Best Treatment for Cuts— Leithhead's Phenyle, 



32 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



BONY TUMOR. 

Mostly seen on lower jaw 

Cannot be cured, if already formed. If, 
while forming, its nature is known, Leith- 
head's Bluiter Salve will do much good. 

HERNIA OR RUPTURE. 

RequlreB a veterinarian. 



WARTS. 

Burn off with Nitric acid and crease. 

ITCHY TAIL. 

Often caused by worms; treat with Lelth- 
head's Worm Powders. 

Often Surfeit or Pimples, treat as for sur- 
feit. Often mange or parasite, treat with 
Leithhead's Phenyle, as directed for mange. 

ITCHY SKIN. 

If not due to mange or hen lice, (if so treat 
with Leithhead's Phenyle) you may know 
It Is one form of surfeit. Give the horse 
a good soap and water bath, and then dry 
sponge with vinegar. Give an Aloes ball as 
prepared by the druggist, and follow with 
Leithhead's Stock Food. 

MELANOSIS. 

Considered a specie of cancer. 

Black tumors form under the skin, large 
pus cavities follow. Cause lies in the blood. 

Give a tablespoonful of the following mix- 
ture morning and night in br.in mash; con- 
tinue for three weeks, theii omit two weeks 
and repeat: 

Two ounces Iodide Potash. 
One pint water. 

Give Leithhead's Stock Food continuously 
for one month. 

When these tumors form first, they may be 
cut with safety. Use Leithhead's White Lin- 
iment to heal such cuts. 



INFLAMED JUGULAR VEIN. 

Vein Is sore, swollen and hot. 

In chronic stages the vein will be hard. 

Bleed the vein. Watch it; if the blood 
coagulates and the vein swells, bathe with 
warm \vater, and work to break down the 
clot. This clot would be liable to obliterate 
the vein, which If once done, can never be 



remedied. If abcesses form apply Leith- 
head's Liquid Blister, after removing the 




INFI.AMKI) JUGULAR VEIN. 
Position of a liorse with iiiflamnialion of the jugular vein. 

pin. If sacks of water form, open them and 
wash out with Leithhead's Liquid Phenyle; 




INFLAMED JUGULAR VEIN. 
Appearance of the jugular vein wlieii abcesses have formed 

use alum to burn proud flesh, if It appears. 

SADDLE AND OTHER GALLS. 

Use Leithhead's Gall Cure, according to 
the full directions. 



HIDE BOUND. 

Easily known by tight skin, 
head's Condition Powders. 



Give Lelth- 



BLINDNESS FROM PARALYSIS. 

As the eye does not Itsolf appear any dif- 
ferent than In health, the person must nec- 
essarily watch the action of the horse closely. 
It may effect one or botli eyes, and the horse 
will betray his trouble by his step, and the 
moving of his ears backward and forward. 
Cure is rarely to be hoped for, but help may 
be had by using Leithhead's Blister Salve to 
the cheek or temple and back of the neck, 
and give internally Leithhead's Condition 
Powders. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



33 



FISTULOUS WITHERS. 

Watch, by the odor, if the bone is effected. 



to find the bone. Always open cautiously 
but freely, always lengthwise of the horse. 
A veterinarian is best. 

BLOODY URINE. 

See cut for general appearance of the ani- 



SLIGHT ENLARGEMENT WHICH 
may end in fistulous withers. 

Treat as for Caries. Use Leithhead's White 




CROW-BATE — EFFECT OF DROPSY. 




FISTULOUS WITHERS— WORST STAG". 

Liniment to the open sore made by openiniT 



mal suffering from this trouble. There is only 
one treatment that will seem to help this, and 
that is a general system builder, such as 
Leithhead's Stock Food. 

DROPSY. 

Is not a disease. A result of a disease 
known by swelling legs, languor, pale mu- 
cous linings, indifference to food. Remove 
the cause. It may be the teeth or a debili- 
tated state due to some functions' inactivity. 

Feed to bring back the appetite and grive 
Leithhead's Condition Powders for several 
weeks, or till well. 



A SURE MEDICINE. LEITHHEAD'S WORM POWDERS. 



34 



HOW TO SAVE HORSK FLESH. 



POLL-EVIL 

Starts from a bruise on the head. Look 




FOLL-EVIL DURING THE FIRST STAGE. 

for bone trouble by opening the way of the 
muscle. If the bone Is affected, treat as 




POLI.-EVIL IN ITS SECOND STAGE. 

spoken of for caries; If not, use Lelthhead's 
White Linimenr till well. Watch for proud 
flesh and keep down with bluestone. Feed 
Leithhead's Condition Powders for improved 
general healtli 

GOITRE. 

An enlargement on the lyider side of neck, 
(5 to 8 inches) below the angle, very hard. 
Wash clean and apply an ointment your 




GOITRE, OR URONCHOCEl-K 

druggist will make of 2 drachms Iodide 
Potash to 2 oz. Lard; rub 11. is ointment well 
In. Continue for four weeks. 



ECZEMA. 

A pimply condition of the skin. 
Treatment is unnecessary further than 
Leithliead's Condition Powders and shelter. 

INFLAMED PAROTID GLAND. 

Known by being as large as medium-sized ij 
hand, back of the angle of both sides of thej 
throat. I 

Bathe in hot water and apply poultice. 
Give Leithhead's "Pink Eye & FEVER; 
CURE" to stop the feverish condition. If i 
the gland breaks, open it well and apply | 
poultices. Use Leitiihead's White LinimeatI 
to heal. 

BRONCHITIS. i 

The animal siiivers, showing a chill as the; 
first symptom of this trouble. If seen, people;| 
think nothing of such. The chill passes off.ij 
fever follows. The horse coughs. This irri-« 
tation of the passage is liable to spread tolj 
the lungs and death often follows. t 

Give Leithhead's Fever Remedy at the firsts 
sign of chill, and continue. Allow water at: 
pleasure. Feed scalded oats. Blister tlie; 
sides of lungs and chest with Leithhead's s 
Liquid Blister. 

After a change for the better is well ob- 
served and the fever gone, give Lelthhead'ss 
Condition Powders. 

CHOKING. 

Give the horse a couple of swallows linseedl 




CHOKING 

A horse trying to raise the food stuck in the throat froni 
stricture of the gullet. 

oil and manipulate the lump; work it out llt> 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



35 



tie at time. If this fails, use the probang. 
Only have the probang in one minute at a 
time, as it prevents the horse from breath- 



PARALYSIS OF THE BLADDER. 

This is due to some such disease as lock- 
jaw, rheumatism, etc., and must necessarily 
be treated under the head that is the cause., 



Two forms of probang. The piece of sponge is 
more preferable than the one with a brush. 

ing. If this fails, make an opening large 
enough to get the hand in, but as small as 
possible, using care not to wound the jugular 
vein. Then sew together, after the trouble 
is over, and heal with Leithhead's White 
Liniment. 

TUMOR IN THE FALSE NOSTRIL 

Known by wheezing in the breathing, 
caused by the diminished air passage. It is 
an abcess, and can be opened without any 
danger. After opening, treat with Leith- 
head's White Liniment to heal up the flesh 
wound. 

CHRONIC COUGH. 

Almost incurable; benefited with the use 
of .Leithhead's Liquid Blister to the throat. 

POLYPUS. 

Cut it out. It may grow again but not often. 
A tumor like substance in the nose. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 

This trouble comes from too frequent use of 
fly blister and diuretic medicines. Is some- 
thing similar to the inflammation of the kid- 
neys. There is only one way to help the ani- 
mal, and that is to stop the medicine that is 
making the trouble. Give large doses of flax- 
seed tea and use. linseed oil in pint doses for 
laxative. 

SURFEIT OR PIMPLES. 

Due to fat, rich blood and lazy liver and 
kidneys. These pimples sometimes scab. 
Give the horse an Aloes ball, as prepared by 
your druggist. Feed on bran mash for a 
couple of days and give a 50c package of 
Leithhed-d's Stock Food. No local treat- 
ment is necessary, except to groom as much 
as possible. 

SPASM OF THE NECK OF THE 
BLADDER. 

Usually known by a great straining with 
litttle results. A warm medicine or Leithhead's 
colic cure is all that is necessary with proper 
feed treatment. This has a heating effect, and 
allows the muscles to relax. 



DIABETES. 

This probably comes from excessive use of 
nitre and other diuretics. It occasions much 
thirst. The horse will drink grreat quantities 
of water quite often. Emaciation and hide- 
bound will follow this trouble. The animal 
will lick the walls and mortar to get the lime. 
Generally weak with palpitation of the heart. 

Give the animal Leithhead's Condition Pow- 
ders with the feed, and also give a dose of 1 
drachm iodine mixed with V2 drachm iodine 
of potash and linseed meal. Give three times 
a day, and then follow with teaspoonful of 
bicarbonate of soda. A complete change of 
food will be beneficial. Better still is to allow 
the animal to run at large where grass is 
possible. 

ABCESSES. 

An abcess is a gathering of pus in any part 
of the body. 

The cause is a bad condition of the blood, 
and the unhealthy condition of the organs 
to purify the blood. The start of an abcess 
in a certain place is often from a bruise. 

The blood must be purified by using Leith- 




Pcsition of the head with ABCESS OF THE BRAIN 

head's Condition Powders. Poultice the ab- 
cess to bring the abcess to a head, then tap 
it. Clear out the sac and use a solution of 
Leithhead's Phenyle to cleanse. 



"All Fevered Conditions," use Leithhead's Pink Eye and Fever Cure. 



36 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



FLATULENT COLIC. 

Weak dlg-estlon causes the food to lay and 
decompose In the stomach. The horse bloats 
up even to rupture the stomach. 

(Jive Leithhead's Colic Cure, also Injec- 
tions of soap water (warm), but be careful 
to not rupture the extended Intestine while 
Injecting. Bind hot water ragrs on the belly; 
keep them hot. 



SPASMODIC COLIC. 

A violent spasmodic cramp of the muscular 
coat of the bowel. Give Leithhead's Colic 
Cure Immediately at first sign. When pos- 




HORSB DYING FROM FLATULENT CHOLIC 



If the trouble does not yield, if It has been 
too long before the treatment reaches the 
animal, to puncture and let the gas off, Is 
successful by one who knows how. In cases 
where treatment has not been soon enough 
the stomach Is ruptured and the animal is 
sure to die in an hour or so. 

CONSTIPATION. 

Use injections and Barb Aloes in ball (as 
prepared by your druggist), follow with 
Leithhead's Condition Powders to prevent a 
re-occurrence. 

CALCULI. 

Not very common; a veterinarian needed. 

RUPTURE OF THE BLADDER. 

Nothing can be done. 



sible give warm water soap injections. 

the horse in a roomy place. Feed on soft 

feed. Give friction to abdomen, and blanket 




SHCOND STACK OF SPASMODIC (OLIO. ^ 

J 
1 

the animal. After the worst pain leaves, walk- ; 

Ing the animal is beneficial. If this do«»B not j 

effect a cure rofer for treatment to enteritis ] 

—it has run to this trouble. , 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



37 



STOMACH STAGGERS. 

A stupid condition from over-eating, 
^Give a %^ dose of Barb Aloes in one pint Raw 
Oil. Feed on bulky food to avoid a reoccur- 
ance. 



ten hours. Give Leithhead's Fever Remedy 
continuously. If the abdomen fills with 

water it may be tapped by a veterinarian. 

Give linseed oil, 1 pint with tr. nux vomica, 
one tablespoonful internally. Use Leithhead's 
Liquid Blister externally to the belly. 




A HORSE SUFFERING WITH STOMACH OR SLEEPY STAGGERS. 



ENTERITIS. 

Inflammation of mucous lining of the 
bowel. 

Similar to colic to a new observer; to be 
distinguished by being constant (colic in- 
termittant). The horse lays down carefully, 
Instead of throwing himself down. Treat- 
ment of genuine enteritis is of very little use. 
After you are satisfied the trouble is not 
colic give one pint of raw linseed oil, with 
two tablespoonsful of nux vomica, blister 
lightly with Leithhead's Liquid Blister. Give 
Leithhead'.«! Fever Remedy constantly in ad- 
dition to the other treatment; also give in- 
jections of soap and water. 



PERITONITIS. 



Inflammation of the outer covering of the 
bowel. It may last a week or may kill in 



GUT TIE. 

Give linseed oil, one pint, with two table- 
spoonsful of nux vomica. Hot water injec- 
tions, hot water rags to belly. Give Leith- 
head's Colic Cure in half hour, if necessary. 
If relief is not had, death results from strang- 
ulation. 

DYSENTERY. 

Or neglected diarrhoea. 

Give injections of starch and water with 
two tablespoonsful of Laudanum In each In- 
jection. If this does not seem to effect relief 
give a pint of raw oil also. 

DYSPEPSIA. 

Rather uncommon. Shown by an unthrifty 
appearance, coat rough, hide bound. Exam- 
ine the teeth and feed on Leithhead's Stock 
Food. 



LEITHHEAD'S CONDITION POWDER SILKENS the HAIR with GLOSS. 



3« 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS. 

Tliis is a trouble which affects the blood 
and is constitutional. The kidney symptoms 
are more noticeable, and for this reason It Is 
considered a kidney disease. The real trouble 
Is that the blood is so full of fat that the 
kidneys are clotted up from doing their usual 
duties. The animal does not need to be fat 
to find too much fat in the blood, as tliis fat 
In tlie blood :..ay not be sufficiently digested 
to be disposed as fat for body. 

Our Illustration will give you the position 
of the animal sufferiuK from tills trouble. 



ROARING OR WHISTLING. 

Commonly sore throat. 

Feed on bran niashcs and boiled oats. Give 
Leithhead's Fever Remedy, allowing the an- 
imal access to cold water at any moment 
to cool his throat. If this treatment does 
not seem to be helping fast enough, apply hot 
poultices to the throat; pay no attention to 
the appetite, it will return. 

In case of roaring, slightly blister the throat 
with Leithhead's Liquid Blister. Roaring 
of long standing is Incurable. 




HORSES WITH CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS 



This position is enough to tell the whole story, 
and no other symptoms are necessary. 

Give the animal Barbadoes aloes ball, as 
your druggist may make It for you. Frequent 
warm water Injections and apply hot rags to 
the loins. The usual method la to starve the 
animal for a couple of days, and allow him 
to drink nothing but flaxseed tea. 

In case of fever arising give Leithhead's 
Fever Remedy. It is very necessary to watch 
these symptoms, and treat it faithfully. In 
case of retention of the urine, assist the ani- 
mal to draw It off. 

CHORDES. 

Stiffness of neck, drawing it to one side 
Stiffness spreads to all parts of the body. 
Apply hot water bags to the muscles. Keep 
in a warm placi-. ('.\\v -lo drops F. K. <"nl- 
chlcum Seed, (at your druggist), three times 
a day, and begin giving Leithhead's Condi- 
tion Powders at once, and continue till well. 
Gentle exercise. 



PLEURISY. 

The pleura is the membrane lining the 
lung; wall, so moistened hv its own secretion 
to allow a movement of the lungs In breath- 
ing, without friction. 

This lining inflamed Is pleurisy. It Is often 
fatal. During a chill blanket the animal. 
Give Leitlihead's Fever Remedy In whiskey. 
A light application of Leithhead's Liquid 
Blister to the sides. Feed lightly; allow ac- 
cess to water. When fever leaves, give 
Leithhead's Condition Powders. 



CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS. 

A forerunner to Pneumonia. If properly 
cared for and without delay, the trouble 
will disappear. Give Leitlihead s Fever Rem- 
edy till the breathing and circulation is nor- 
mal. If it does not yield to this, follow 
treatment as if for pneumonia. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



39 



HYDROTHORAX. 

The filling of the chest with water follow- 
ing pleurisy. If the sides have not already- 
been blistered, see that Lelthhead's Liquid 
Blister is used. Give Leithhead's Fever Rem- 




CATARRH. 

The first stage should be looked after to 
prevent its running into the chronic called 
nasal gleet. The main thing to do is to re- 
move the cause by sheltering the animal. 




HORSE WITH HYDROTHORAX 

Showing distension of the nostrils and heaving 
of the flank. 

edy. If he does not eat, force oat- meal gruel. 
If it continues to fill, it will be found nee - 
essary to tap, to take the watery fluid away. 
Follow with Leithhead's Condition Powders. 
Always have a veterinarian. 

PARALYSIS. 

Use Leithhead's Liquid Blister along the 
spine, or if the face, at the base of the brain. 




UNSTEADY GAIT OF A HORSE WITH 
partial paralysis. 

Give Leithhead's Condition Powders intern- 
ally. If abcess of the brain, nearly always 
fatal. 



SYMPATHETIC GLAND OF THROAT SWOLLEN 

Fever is always present, and Leithhead's 
Fever Remedy should be used. This fever 
''emedy will give the animal more appetite. 




A HORSE WITH THE THROAT BLISTERED. 

Bad cases demand rest for the animal. In 
prolonged attacks, give Leithhead's Condi- 
tion Powder for its affect, and syringe out 



itf^^ 




NOSE-BAG FOR STEAMING HORSE WITH COLD. 

the nostrils with Leithhead's Phenyle solution (2 
teaspoonsful to a pint of water); use Leith- 
head's Liquid Blister on the throat lightly. 

To steam the head with hot bran as cut shows, 
is always beneficial. 



All Worms Destroyed— Sure— Leithhead's Worm Powders. 



40 



HOW TO SAVE HORSK FLESH. 



NASAL GLEET. 

Clironic form of catarrh. Does not harm 
the general health of the animal. Disables 
for use on account of the looks of the running 
nostril. Give L«'thhead's Condition Powders. 




NASAL GLEET. 
Horfc affected witli nasal gleet and bulging of the frontal 
siniia. 

Wash out the nostrils with Leithhead's 
Phenyle solution, two teaspoonsful to the 
pint of water, and if very severe, so as to 
have a bulging of the bone in the head, an 
operation of trephining will be necessary. 



MEGRIMS. 



A milder form of apoplexy. 




EXPRESSION CHARACTERISTIC OF MEGRIMS. 

It is a pet hobby to bleed the horse — much 
better to throw cold water on the head and wait 
his rer.nverv, which will be soon. 



LOCKJAW OR TETANUS. 

Often caused by worms and occas onally from 
o\eT heating The prick of a nail will often set 
or lock the jaw as in lock jaw. 

Needs a veterinarian. 




THE TEST FOR TETANUS. 




SHOWING HOW FAR AN ANLMAL WITH TETANUS 
is capable of going 



CONGESTION OF THE LIVER. 

Known by offensive smell to both foeces 
and mouth, and grrinding of the teeth. Some- 
times lameness to the right fore-shoulder; 
also some fever. Colicky pains, head always 
turns towards the right side. If the animal's 
liver is over-fat, bleeding will be to an advan- 
tage. Feed with Leithhead's Condition Pow- 
ders. Make the food light. Purge the bow- 
ols with aloes balls as prepared by the dniggut. 
iTiere is often complication of influenza 
following this trouble, and In such cases fol- 
low thp Instructions under this trouble. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH. U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE. 

The inflammation of the mucous membrane 
is called conjunctiva. It is usually due to 
some foreign substance in the eye. Quite 
often it is a symptom of other disease, such 
as pink eye, etc., wherever fever is present 
in disease. The eye generally is kept partly 
closed, tears flow, and the eyelids are swol- 
len. The inner lining of the eye is red and in- 
flamed. Make a careful examination and 
remove any foreign body that might be pres- 
ent, after this is removed, if it be present, 
bathe the eye with warm water with a little 
salt in it, say a teaspoonful to a pint two or 
three times a day, using a sponge to dry and 
clean the eye after each time. Flaxseed un- 
der the lid will often be useful to get foreign 
matter out. To prevent inflammation ex- 
tending to the inner parts of the eye apply 
with a camel's hair brush around and under 
the eyelid and upon the ball a solution of 
Atropin sulphate 2 grains, water 1 ounce. Re- 
peat six times a day, and keep the animal 
in a dark stall. 



IRITIS. 

This is the inflammation of that portion 
of the eye which gives it its color, is called 
iritis. It is due to exposure. It may be 
known by a pink ring formed around the 
white portion of the eye. The pupil will be 
very small, and the aqueous becomes turbid, 
with white flakes floating in it, possibly 
white pus at the bottom. 

Treat the eye with a bath of warm water as 
much as possible. Apply a lotion made of 
Atropin sulphate two grains, water one 
ounce, every few minutes for twenty or thirty 
minutes; then rest five hours, and repeat 
it. After this treatment cover the face with 
a green cloth, and keep the animal in a dark 
stall. Feed on unstimulating food. Keep 
the bowels in good condition. Give an aloe 
ball as prepared by your druggist, when 
found necessary for the bowels. This treatment 
to be continued until inflammation has gone. 



TORN EYELIDS. 

Sew them up at once, and dress two or 
three times a day with a solution made of 
Leithhead's Phenyle according to the direc- 
tions on the bottle two teaspoonsful to a pint 
of water. Keep the horse tied, so that he 
will not lacerate its eyelid any more by rub- 
bing its head. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLES. 

Give an aloes ball as made by your drug- 
gist to move the bowels. Allow rest from male 
service for a week or longer. Spread over it hot 
fomentations. If it should go on to suppuration 
open and inject a solution of Leithhead's Phenyle. 
If it becomes hardened, substitute a lotion made 
of 1 drachm iodine 1 drachm potassium 
iodide, to % pint water. Inject a tablespoon- 
ful into the organ twice a day, and apply 
on the outside. If this fails, castrate. 

JAUNDICE, OR YELLOWS. 

This can be usually seen by the yellow ap- 
pearance of the skin, and especially of the 
eyes. It is caused by an obstruction of the 
gall duct which allows the bile to be thrown 
back in the system. Give aloes ball (as pre- 
pared by you d ug^ st a, move the bowe s, fol- 
low with Leithh=!ad's Stock Food for some time 
with as much a change in the food as possible, 
will be all the treatment necessary, unless com- 
plications set in, in such event, treat under 
separate head. 

OBSTRUCTION OF THE LACHRY 
MAL DUCT. 

This is the duct that carries off the tears. 
It runs from the inner corner of the eyelid 
to the nose, and empties in the nasal passage. 
It may be stopped up from catarrh or some 
mechanical obstruction. 

The obstruction should be taken out, and 
treated by a veterinarian. 

MOON BLINDNESS. 

There is no treatment for this trouble that 
is an absolute cure. It is hereditary, and for 
this reason it should be understood that an 
animal suffering from this trouble should not 
be bred. Known by the swelling of the whole 
eye and loss of sight. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. 

Usually found in old horses. It often leads 
to abcesses, or hardening and softening of 
the organ. There is not much to do in this 
trouble, but try and build up the system with 
a change of food, and use Leithhead's Stock 
Food for some time. 

Known by loss of appetite, dullness of the eye, 
horse remains standing hanging its head. Manure, 
darkish red brown and small balls. Urine, scanty 
and high colored. 



LEITHHEAD'S CARBO-ZINC SALVE. A necessity for the Stable. 



42 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



WORMS OF ALL KINDS. 

Tliere Is no need to distinguish one kind 
from another, as Leithhead's Worm Powders 
are certain specific for any of the trouble?. 
They are usually known to be present when 
the animal turns up his upper lip, as if 
nauseated, and rubs his lips against the wall 
and manger, rubbing and switching of his 
tail, and otlierwise showing irritation. If Is 
betrayed by his appetite, making it raven- 
ous. It gives his hair a. coar? •. dry appear- 
ance. If the treatment as given on the pack- 
age of Leithhead's Worm Powders is fol- 
lowed strictly, it will be sure to rid the ani- 
mal of this trouble. Do not think that a 
condition powder or stock food, or some 
simple medicine of this kind will do. You 
must have a medicine especially prepared for 
this trouble, and the best is not too good, 
for this reason do not allow substitution. 







APPEARANCE OF A COLT SUFFERING FROM WORMS. 




HORSE RUBBING HIS NOSE AGAINST A WALL 




KlNGWoRM. 

Ringworm is a vegetable fungoid growth. 

1 he scurvy skin of ringworm is easily recog- 
nized. 

The scale will look similar to bran. Wash 
with warm water and soap, and apply Leithhead's 
Phenyle to kill the parasite. 

LICE. 

A wingless blood sucker parasite. 




HKN LOUSE, OR DERMANYSSUS OF THE HORSE. 

The two illustrations of lice that infest do- 
mestic animals. 




GONIODES STYLIFBR OF THE TURKEY. 

Leithhead's Phenyle when used according to 
directions will not only kill the lice, but will also 
destroy the kniits. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



43 



INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. 

Usually caused by the too free use of diu- 
retic medicine, blistering with fly blister or 
getting chilled and inflammation following. 
(Leithhead's Liquid Blister is not liable to 
act this way.) Any trouble of this kind you 
will know by profuse sweating, great pain 
in the loins of the kidneys. The horse does 
not wish to move, and when he does he 
straddles in his walk. He has a high fever, 
and increased suppuration. His trouble, if 
neglected, is liable to run to gangrene and 




THIS WALK INDICATES INFLAMATION OF THE 
KIDNEYS. 

death. Treat the animal the same at the 

beginning as you would for fever. Give him 
Leithhead's Fever Remedy. See that the ac- 
tion of the bowel is good, if not, give lin- 
seed oil in quart doses. If no relief comes 
in a week, give the animal tea made of flax- 
seed and slippery elm bark, encourage sweat- 
ing. Leithhead's Liquid Blister will be ben- 
eficial. (Leithhead's Liquid Blister contains 
no fly blister.) Avoid spirits of nitre and 
saltpeter, as such medicines only make the 
trouble worse, and will be liable to be given 
because they are supposed to be the real rem- 
edy for the disease. 

DIARRHOEA. 

Give water with flour stirred in, about two 

quarts every 3 or 4 hours. Restrict the drink- 
ing, feed light. 

CATARACT OF THE EYE. 

An opaque substance over the pupil. 
Nothing seems to be of use for this 
trouble. 



PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA. 

Where the water portion of the blood oozes 
through the blood vessels, and settles in the 
tissue, causing swelling of the limbs, contin- 
uing till the body will swell. The watery 
fluid will ooze through and trickle down the 
limbs. This trouble ends in death by gan- 
grene or suffocation. Give the following 
receipt: 

1 ounce tincture muriate of Iron. 

1 ounce tincture of gentian. 

2 ounces of water. 
Mix. 

Give a tablespoonful every two hours with 
a syringe so as to re^ch the throat to be swallowed. 
1 ounce turpentine. 

3 ounces linseed oil. 
Mix. 

Give a tablespoonful every two hours. 

Feed on oatmeal gruel. If he cannot swal- 
low inject the' gruel. Bathe head in hot 
water to reduce the swelling. 



INFLUENZA, EPIZOOTY, PINK EYE. 

Introduced into the system from the atmos- 
phere. It is a blood disease, affecting the 
mucous membranes. Known by dullness, 
easy to sweat, many cases staggering from 
weakness. The horse hangs its head. The 
ears droop, appetite fails, eyes become red 
and swell, pulse often as high as 80 per min- 
ute, temperature 105 to 107 F. These symp- 
toms for the first 12 hours are followed with 
colicky pains and constipation. Feed right to 
avoid inflammation of the bowels, as it often 
kills. Or Diarrhoea may set in; this is also 
dangerous. Treat the action of the bowels sepa- 
rately and very carefully, and use Leithhead's 
Pink Eye and Fever Remedy to reduce fever, 
and a treatment to cure. 



ENLARGEMENT OF THE HEART. 

Known by uneven force and number of 
pulse beats. Uneven temperature of body. 
Give Leithhead's Condition Powders with 1 
drachm of iodide of potash added to each 
dose. Feed on soft feed, and give gentle ex- 
ercise. 



GONORRHOEA. 



This is inflammation of the uretha. Fo- 
ment with hot wpter. Give Leithhead's Stock 
Food for its beneficial effect on the system. 
Inject a solution of % ounce sugar of lead to 
one quart water. Do so twice a day. 



Leithhead's White Liniment is a stable liniment every day in the year. 



44 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



FOUL SHEATH. 



Wash out with soapsuds and water. Be 
careful not to scratch, r.ipeat two or three 
times a day. till .swelling disappears, then 
oil with olive oil. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE ENDO- 
CARDIUM 

This is Inflammation of the sac around the 
heart. Can be heard as a harsh, rasping 
sound in the region of the heart. 

All that can be done is to give Leithhead's 
Fever Cure and blister with Leithhead's 
Liquid Blister on the side nearest to the 
heart. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 

• 

Innamation of the brain symptoms: Quick 
respirations, delirium, which runs into stupidity, 
horse places his head to the wall and braces hin.- 
self against it. Will bruise his eyes and head 
badly. 

If discovered In earlier stare, when pulse 
is full and quiet, bleed the nose, taking from 
two to four quarts of blood. Apply ice to 
head. Give Leithhead's Fever Remedy and 
a ball of barb aloes (as the druggist makes). 



If fever leaves, blister upper part of head ' 

with Leithhead's Liquid Blister. Always se- : 

cure the animal to prevent trouble in his ; 
mad spells. 

STRANGLES. -i 

\ 

Is contagious. The poison in the blood 
causes abcesses to usually form in the throat. 

Sometimes abcesses do not form, and the ' 

fever remains throughout the system. Often \ 

fatal. The fever, the running at the nose, l 

eyes, cough, inability to swallow, etc., are ; 

symptoms. Use Leithhead's . .nk Eye and i 
Fever Cure. 

HEAVES. I 

i 

A rupture of lung cells, as to lessen the ] 

contractility, causing the diaphragh and ribs \ 

and abdominal muscles to try and act for : 

the lungs. | 

This trouble is incurable, as no known i 

medicine will replace this rupture of lung j 

cells. Avoid dust in the food. Leithhead's ' 

Condition Puwders may relieve for a little j 

while. j 

TUMORS. : 

Always consult your veterinarian. < 




INI-LAMMATION OK THE URAIN MADDENING A HORSE. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



45 



QUINSY. 

Sore throat where abcesses have formed. 
Apply hot poultices to the throat, even to the 
ears. Give Leithhead's Fever Kennedy. 



MANGE. 

This parasite disease is caused by several dif- 
ferent species of insects. The insect here illus- 
trated, named "Sarcoptes Equi," burrows in the 
deeper layers of cracks of the skin and makes a 
treatment more difiScult. 




SARCOPTES EQUI. 

The Mange Pest. 

The insects illustrated here as "dermatophagus 
equi" and "dermatocoptes equi," live under the 
scabs of the flesh and of course are much easily 
rid of. 





Dermatocoptes Equi, the Mange^Pest. 

Mange is easily known by the terrible itchin 
that cannot be satisfied. The more the- horse 
rubs the more it itches. 




Trichodectes or Bird Louse of the horse. 



Dermatophagus Equi, the Mang Pest. 




Homatopinus, or Blood Sucking Louse of 
the horse and ass. 



LEITHHEAD'S GALL CURE KILLS THE PAIN and CURES the GALL. 



46 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 




BOTS. 

This gadfly attaches himself to the hair ol 
the front of the horse, and lays its eggs so as 



(GMTNB MAQUIFIHLU 

This pcst is usually passed from one horse to 
the other when pastured together. The illustra- 
tion is a good suggestion 

Leithhead's Phenyle is a preparation which is 
sure to reach these pests and destroy them Leith- 
head's Phenyle is harmless. 




BOTS FASTENED TO STOMACH UNABLE TO LET GO. 



to be convenient to the horse's mouth. The? 
horse by frequent use of his tongue in lick-- 







A FRUITFUL MEDIUM FOR THE SPKEAD OF MANGE. 




Test for Mange. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF THE BODY. 



47 



ing, will carry these eggs into its mouth, 
and from there is carried through to the 
animal's stomach. The only way to rid the 
animal of such a pest, is to purge him with 



I 




THE GADFLY. 



an aloes ball as prepared by your druggist, 
and feed with Leithhead's Stock Food for 
a month. 



CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. 

Very rare; always get a veterinarian. 

A common disease in the cities, very rare in 
the country . 

The horse will seem listless, stumble, reel be- 
hind and sometimes almost fall down. The fever 
arising developes the disease, and will end in 
many instances fatally. 



ERYSIPELAS. 

This is inflammation of the skin. 

A skin disease supposed to be contagious. 

Give Leithhead's Condition Powders. Feed 
on boiled oats, barley, etc. , paint the heal- 
thy skin for- two inches all around the dis- 
eased part with tincture of Iodine, and use the 
following: 

1 ounce tincture muriate of iron, 

8 ounces water. 

Mix. 

Keep the surface wet with it till the skin 
begins to be irritated; then use Leithhead's 
White Lit j'ment If extensive sloughing takes 
place, poultice with oilcake meal with char- 
coal sprinkled over the poultice, till a healthy 
sore is obtained; then apply Leithhead's 
White Liniment. If the erysipelas comes 
from an unhealthy sore, cauterize it with 
powdered bluestone continuously once a day, 
till all signs of a purplish, unhealthy condi- 
tion have disappeared; then continue with 
Leithhead's White Liniment. Continue for 
several weeks, giving soft food enough to 
keep the bowels loose. 



DISEASES PECULIAR TO MARES. 



PARTURITION. 

Usually no trouble occurs to a mare foaling. 

Should any trouble occur it is more liable 
to produce death than with the cow. A delay 
of one hour is dangerous. 

In case of malpresentation refer to this sec- 
tion in the cow for information. 

Some cases of the dead foetus can be noticed 
by the mare's persistent straining without re- 
sults. Assistance is necessary to relax the 
muscles. 

Pass in your hand after oiling it with olive 
oil and insert one finger into the os, then two 
and three and so on, working slowly till it is 
dilated. If this does not succeed, insert a 
sponge wet with Fluid Extract of Belladonna 
into the os. Let it remain 10 or 12 hours and 
then try the hand again. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB 

From injury or exposure to cold after par- 
turition usually shows about 3 days after 
foaling. 

Can be easily detected by fevei;, coliky pains, 
continual straining as if to foal again, look- 
ing around towards the flank, a discharge of 
black fluid from the womb, an arched back. 

Give one pint to a quart of Raw Linseed Oil. 

Wash the womb with warm water to which 
a little whiskey has been added. Inject a solu- 
tion of Leithhead's Phenyle (2 teaspoonfuls to 
one pint of water). Give Leithhead's Pink Eye 
and Fever Remedy till all signs of fever have 
disappeared. 

Feed light. Keep warm. 



Insure Against Loss with Leithiiead's Colic Cure. 50c. 



48 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



LEUCORRHOEA. 

Oatarrh of the vajjina or womb, known by 
whitish and slimy discharges. 

Occurs after difficult foaling or irritation 
and inflammation. 

Liable to become chronic. 

Wash out twice a day with Leithhead's 
I'henyle solution (2 teaspoonfuls to one pint) 
until cured. 

Feed with bran mashes and Leithhead's Con- 
dition Powders. 

PUERPERAL FEVER. 

A fever usually occurring the second or third 
day after foaling. Known by a high fever with 
ears and extremities co.a. 

Good care, green food, are about all that is^ 
necessary. Leithhead's Fever Cure is advis 
able. 

Raw Linseed Oil if at all constipated. 



MAMMITIS. 

liiliaiiuiiat ion ol ihc udder. 

Apply hot water as continuously as possible. 
Manipulate as much as the soreness will allow. 
Encourage the foal to suck milk at intervals 
so as to prevent the milk curdling. 

If allowed to go on till supperation, open 
the abcesses and inject a solution of Leith- 
head's Phenyle (2 teaspoonfuls to a pint of 
water) and apply Linseed poultices — changing 
night and morning. In winter blanket, take | 
the chill from the water, feed soft feed, give I 
Raw oil for constipation. I 

Rub the glands with camphorated oil. 



ABORTION. 

Whenever this trouble happens give a few 
days rest. 

Feed bran mash and if fevered use Leith- 
head's Pink Eye and Fever Cure. 




OUR GUARANTEE 
TRADE MARK 
ADOPTtD DEC. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



The Teeth of Cattle, 





FIG. 1 
Teeth of the calf at 
birth, showing the two 
incisors, milk teeth. 



FIG. 2 

Teeth at two weeks 
old, showing four tem- 
porary incisors. 





FIG. 3 
Teeth at three weeks 
old, showing six incis- 
ors. 



FIG. 4 
Teeth at one month 
old, showing eight in- 
cisors, or the full set. 





FIG. 5 

Teeth at six to eight 
months old, showing 
wear on first two, or 
central teeth. 



FIG. 6 

Teeth at ten months 
old, showing absorp- 
tion in first two pairs of 
teeth, and wear of two 
outside pairs. 




FIG. 7 
Teeth at twelve 
months old, showing 
absorption in all the 
nippers, except outside 
pair, and wear in these. 





FIG. 10 
Teeth at two years 
old past, showing four 
permanent incisors and 
four temporary ones, 
absorption nearly com- 
plete; also marks of 
wear on two first pairs. 




FIG. 8 
Teeth at fifteen 
months old, showing 
absorption and wear in 
all the temporary nip- 
pers. 

FIG. 9 
Teeth at eighteen 
months old, showing, 
two first permanent in- 
cisors (1-1), and next 
two pairs (2-2 and 3 3), 
growing and pushing 
upwards towards the 
surface; also 4-4, 5-5 
and 6-6 showing ab- 
sorption. At (8-8 is 
shown the alveali, or 
cells in the teeth. 




FIG. 11 
Teeth at four years 
past, showing eight 
permanent incisors — 
the full mouth — and 
complete complement; 
also wear on all but 
outside teeth. 



DISTEMPER DANGER LESS—GIVE LEITHHEAD'S PINK EYE AND FEVER CURE 



5° 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 




FIG. 12 
Teeth at five years 
past, showing wear and 
dark marks. 




FIG 13 
Teeth at .'en year old, 
showing permanent 
spaces between them; 
and also shape fr<m 
natural wear by use. 




L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



Diseases of Cattle. 



COMPARISON OF THE HORSE W ITH 
CATTLE IN DISEASE. 

Cattle are phlegmatic animals. (Horses 
have a nervous organization and are more 
sensitive). This makes the cattle more sus- 
ceptible to the diseases of the blood than 
horses, such as rinderpest, variola and an- 
thrax, and less liable to tetanus, paralysis, 
diseases of their air-passage as the horse. As 
they being fed for fat instead of muscle, 
such troubles are not necessary to take up, 
as they are almost unknown to cattle. Con- 
sumption is a contagious disease very prev- 
alent and dangerous. Great care should be 
taken of this trouble^ as the disease is car- 
ried from the cow to the man, being in the 
milk. Diseases are often contracted through 
sympathy, the trouble affecting one animal 
of a herd will be seen to follow in the others 
without any other reason prevalent, except 
sympathy, just as abortion, etc.- Pulse can 
be most conveniently taken from the artery 
passing over the middle of the first rib. The 
normal pulse of the cow is 55 per minutq, 
in old animals, but especially in calves, it is 
a little faster. Respirations ten to fifteen a 
minute. 

CONTAGIOUS PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. 

In cases of this disease the animal upon 
death should be buried, and all due caution 
taken to prevent the spread of the disease, 
such as isolating the animal and using proper 
disinfections. Leithhead's Phenyle is the 
best disinfectant that can be had following 
the directions for this purpose. 
TO KNOW THE DISEASE IN THE EARLY 
SYMPTOMS 

The temperature rises as high as 106 de- 
grees. There will be a loss of appetite; slight 
shiverings, hard, dry cough, staring coat, 
scanty urine and loss of milk. There will be 
tenderness on the ribs over the lungs, the 
hind legs will be drawn under the body. The 
cough will increase and the breathing quick- 
en, with the nose extended. A person that 
is well acquainted with cattle diseases should 
be consulted whenever suspicion of this dis- 
ease is at all thought of. There is nothing 
to do to the animal, except to prevent the 
spread of the disease. 



RINDERPEST, OR CONTAGIOUS 
ENTERIC FEVER. 

This fatal plague has never yet appeared 
on the American hemisphere, and for this 




RINDERPEST. 

reason it is not necessary for us to give 
space telling of it. All necessary to say is 
that it is a quick spreading and fatal disease. 

TEXAS FEVER, OR SPLENIC FEVER. 

This trouble resembles rinderpest as near 
as any disease can. It is found in 
Texas and is communicated from 
Texas to other parts of the country. The 
pulse will rise from 40 beats to 120 a minute, 
the fever is 106 and is generally followed by 
a chill. The dung and urine is scanty, and 
yellow matter is discharged from the nostrils 
and mouth. The coat is rough and hard. It 
is a stomach trouble^ and the disease is car- 
ried to the fourth stomach which will be 
found congested and full of coagulated blood. 
Treatment is not satisfactory. The disease 
will not show itself for four or five weeks 
after contact, and for this reason it is liable 
to spread in the shipping of cattle to a great 
distance. 



HOG CHOLERA GERM KILLED WITH LEITHHEAD'S PHENYLE. 



52 



now TO SAVK HORSK FLESH. 



CONTAGIOUS ECZEMA, OR EPI- 
ZOOTIC APHTHA. 

This Is a skin disease affecting the mouth, 
tongue, lips, feet legs and udder. Contagious 
through the discharge which will be strewn 
along the path followed by the animal. This 
trouble Is contagious to all lower animals 
and to man. Often fatal. Milk will carry the 




''— ''-^^^y 



EPIZOOTIC APHTHA 
a foot and mouth disease. 

disease. The discharges will lie the main In- 
dication of the trouble. The pulse and tem- 
perature rises and the animal's coat is rough 
and staring, and liable to shiver in fits, etc. 
This trouble will run its definite course, 
which terminates in recovery In about fif- 
teen days. 

The feed should be fed soft, and with plen- 
ty of water to drink. Most attention should 
be paid to the feet. In cases of sloughing of 




EPIZOOTIC APHTHA 
Indications'of the foot being affected 

the feet, Leithhead's Phenyle mixed with 
eight parts of olive oil as an application. In 
case of swelling of any great amount, apply 
linseed poultice, following with Leithhead's 
White Liniment. Keep the feet clean by 
bathing, and if any horn becomes detached, 
remove the same. 



ANTHRAX. 



Known as Black Leg. The main charac- 
teristic Is black, tarry blood that will not 
coagulate. Before death spores develop, 
which are the active part of the virus in In- 



oculation. Blood containing these spores 
dried for four or five years are still found 
to be very contagious. This dark flux blood 




CARBUNCULAR ERYSIPELAS 
Black leg or quarter ill. 

may locate in some part of the body with 
a tendency to gangrene, distending that por- 
tion of the tissues, and making a crackling 
noise when the hand is passed over it. A 
blister forms, gathers and breaks up. The 
rings formed by this breaking and drying are 
the usual method of inoculating every animal 
that comes in contact. To use Leithhead's 
Phenyle would be very suitable to prevent 
contagion, following the directions on the 
bottle. This is very important, as man is 
liable to get the disease as well as animals. 
Siberian Boil Plagrue, carbuncular erysip- 
elas in sheep corresponds to this same 



^' m 




GLOSS ANTHRAX 
or Black Tongue. 

trouble. The swine are very often attacked. 
Dogs, cats and other small animals die from 
eating the carcasses of animals suffering 
from anthrax. 

The first cases are always fatal, and treat- 
ment is of no avail, but in subsequent cases 
bleeding freely and giving a purgative such 
as Barbadoes aloes in balls as made by your 
druggist. In case this Is not sufficient, give 
Epsom salts in 1 lb. doses in place of the 
aloes. Give the salts by dissolving in warm 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASE OF CATTLE. 



53 



water with one or two ounces of ginger. Fol- 
low this treatment with the following, giv- 
ing it as one dose two or three times a day: 

1 drachm nitro- muriatic acid, 
3 grains bichromate of potash 

2 drachms chlorate of potash 

by dissolving in % pint of water. Never for- 
getting to sponge the animal with a proper 
solution of Leithhead's Phenyle to prevent 
contagion. After the animal is dead, always 
be sure to bury the carcass deep enough so 
that dogs, cats or any other beast will not 
dig out the meat and spread the disease. 

PLETHORA. 

A condition where the blood is very fat 
interfering with the circulation, especially 
through the vital organs, and in this way 
making them inert and unable to carry on 
their duties. 

Known by sleek hair, tendency to fatten 
fast, death ending in a congested fever. 

The treatment would be to restrict the 
diet, and give the animal doses of Epsom 
salts in quantities of a single handful, morn- 
ing and night for a week. 

ANAEMIA. 

This is the reverse to plethora, being from 
lack of proper food, often due to exposure or 
impoverishment from parasites. Destroy 
any existing vermin with Leithhead's Phe- 
nyle, in proper solution, and give Leithhead's 
Condition Powders until the animal shows 
recovery. 

RHEUMATISM. 

The supposed cause of Rheumatism is now 
determined to be an acid blood. It is also 
known by lameness and disinclination to 
move. After a few hours the joints may be- 
gin to swell, and get hot and painful, with 
a tendency to change from one joint to an- 
other. Apply Leithhead's White Liniment to 
the joints, with some friction or bandage. If 
great weakness ensues^ give Leithhead's 
Condition Powders for a couple of weeks, and 
give as one dose every night and morning 
in feed: 

2 drachms of colchicum 
2 drachms nitrate of potash 
Continue for a week. 

URAEMIA. 

Noticed by inactivity of the kidneys and 
bladder, leaving poison in the blood. 

Known by dullness, loss of appetite, fail- 
ure to secrete urine, and its smell being de- 
tected on the skin. 



Give large quantities of linseed tea to 
drink and give Epsom salts for purgative in 
twelve ounce doses, dissolving in plenty of 
water. Give condition treatment with Leith- 
head's Condition Powders. 

PYAEMIA. 

This trouble comes from absorption into 
the system of pus, mostly from ulcers or 
other poisonous troubles. 

Known by high fever, increased tempera- 
ture, pulse fast and hard; breath is foetid, 
loss of appetite, and often delirum follow- 
ing. 

Discover the trouble if possible, liberate 
the pus, dressing the wound with Leith- 
head's Phenyle in a solution of % ounce to a 
pint of water. Apply with a syringe two ur 
three times a day. Give three times a day 
for three days as one dose the following: 
2 drachms of iodide of potash 
2 ounces of whiskey 
1 ounce powdered cinchona, 
in a pint of water. After recovery is started; 
give Leithhead's Condition Powders. 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

This trouble is caused from the poison of 
suppuration being absorbed into the system 




Bad effects of the excessive use of Caustics, 
forming tumors filled with fluid which is 




OSTEO SARCOMIA 
of the upper jaw. 

liable to become calcareous. It varies in size 



LEITHHEAD'S VETERINARY COLIC CURE, 50c. 



54 



HOW TO SAVE HORSK FLESH. 



from a small pea to a hen's egg. Many 
times the remaining fluid is re-absorbed Into 
the system, and in such event the flesh of 




OSTEO SARCOMIA 
of the lower jaw. 

the animal is unfit for food. This disease 
Is hereditary. The first symptoms of the 
trouble will be a dull cough; and an un- 



r^^f:^ 




TUBERCULAR ULCER 
on Parotid Gland 

thrifty condition. The best way Is to get 
a veterinarian to examine wherever it is sus- 
picloned. There Is no treatment of use. 

PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA. 

It is started where the blood becomes de- 
flcient In red rorpusdes. and oozing through 




* Swelling of the jaws and cheeks and muzzle in 
Purpura Hemorrhagica. 

the coat of the vessels, falls by gravitation to 



more dependent portions of the body caus- 
ing swelling. Treat the same as you woult 
a horse as found on another p;ige. 

CANCEROUS ULCERS. 

This is tuberculosis, only it attacks th« 
glands. Treatment is of no avail. I 

RED WATER IN CATTLE. 1 

It is not necessary to describe this diseasei 
as its first start will be known by the color oij 
the urine. Give the animal Leithhead's Con- 
dition Powders for three or four weeks. Usti 
in case of need, doses of Epsom salt % of S| 
pound at each time for purgative. Mak( 
a complete change of food, and feed oil cak*. 
liberally. 

MALIGNANT CATARRH. 

This is a blood disease causing a discharge 
from the nose. Its first symptoms is shlverf 
ing, after that symptoms of fever. Eyes are 
swollen closed, and the nose begins to run ai 
water fluid; the bowels are usually costives 
Sloughing process may continue and becomi 
so extensive that the feet and horns comi 
off. Convulsions often follow, and the tern' 




MALIGNANT CATARRH 
Last stage. 

peniture often falls to as low as 90 degrees 
Death follows in the course of nine to eleven 
days. Make the animal cool in summer an 
warm In winter. Give Leithhead's Condi 
tion Powders. Foment the head with ho| 
water liberally, and rub Leithhead's Whit 
Liniment well in once or twice a day. 
the eye is not eaten through, apply with 
camel's hair brush twice a day, a solution ol 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



55 



grains of nitrate of silver with 1 ounce 
f water. If the cornea is punctured, in 
ddition to this receipt, touch it once a day 
'ith a stick of lunar caustic, touching the 
austic directly to the hole. 

MALIGNANT SORE THROAT. 

This throat trouble is liable to cause suf- 
jcation by pressure on the breathing tube, 
nd in this way it is fatal. It is similar to 
uinsy. The throat swells enormously, and 
ie tongue becomes spotted and purple. 
>eath will come with a struggle for air. If 
iiffocation is threatened, an operation to al- 
)w passage of air would be necessary. Ap- 




MALIGNANT SORE THROAT 
!.y Leithhead's White Liniment to the throat 
iternally, and wash the inside of the throat 
ith a solution of 1 ounce of chlorate of 
Dtash to a pint of water. This disease is 
ifferent from anthrax, but the symptoms 
lay be somewhat similar. The flesh is very 
Disonous to eat, and the carcass should be 
jried deep, without removing the skin. 



SIMPLE CATARRH. 

Symptoms of fever; shivering; hot mouth; 
dry nose; horns hot at the head and cold at 
the tips; ears closed; sneezing and cough. At 
first, a watery discharge from the nose; tears 




NOSE BAG FOR STEAMING IN CATARRH 

from the eyes that will scald the flesh, etc. 
Remove the cause by making the animal 
comfortable. If the bowels are constipated, 
give a pint of melted lard, if too loose, give 
flour gruel cold. Treat the animal the same 
as you would for fever according to our rules 
in the first part of the book. In case the 
breathing is interfered with, steam the head 
in a nose-bag. After the fever is broken, feed 
Leithhead's Condition Powders. 



I 




APPLICATION OF STEAM TO NOSTRILS FOR CATARRH. 



PARASITES KILLED AND NO HARM DONE-LEITHHEAD'S PHENYLS. 



56 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE KLESH 



COMMON SORE THROAT. 

This trouble will be noticed by inability to 
eat. and the cud Is not chewed; the throat Is 
found to be swollen; with more or less fever. 
The water that is drank will be turned back 
the way of the nose, owinp to the difficulty 




'''^^ 



SORE THROAT 

in swallowing. Use Leithhead's White Lini- 
ment for an application, and use a syringe 
to shoot the following mixture well back into 
the throat: 2 ounces chlorate of potash to 1 
quart of water. 

BRONCHITIS. 

This is a trouble with the mucous mem- 
brane lining of the bronchial tubes. When 
the ear is placed to the sides and front of the 
chest of an animal suffering with this trou- 
ble, there will be a dry, grating sound. The 
temperature runs as high as 106 degrees; 
pulse fifty to eighty per minute. Breathing 
will be painful with a grunt .it each expira- 
tion; a hard, distressing cough is present, 
raising conRidorable mucous and phlegm. 
The Hufferr-r will not He down. Treat the 
animal with Leithhead's Fever Remedy, and 
Leithhead's Liquid Blister in light applica- 
tions to the sides Is very Important, following 
with I^eithhead's Condition Powders for 
some little time. 



PNEUMONIA. 

This is Inflamation of the lung tissue, an 
is quite common with cattle. 

The animal suffering from this trouble i 
forced to lie down on account of the pressur 
upon the chest, causing difficulty in breath 
ing. The pulse is soft, quick f.nd full, rang 
ing from sixty to eighty per minute; tem 
perature high as 106 degrees. A heavy, dul 
full sound is heard by tapping the sides, an 
on placing the ear against the fide, there wl' 
be noticed an absence of the respiratory m\it\ 
mur. The ribs are fixed, the breathing ht 
Ing done by the abdominal muscles; the noj 
tril? are dilated, and the countenance 
pears anxious. In this trouble the lungs b< 
come solid like liver. 

To remedy the disease, it i? necessary ■ 
get the system to absorb this before It coi 
gests and separates, forming gangrene ar 
death. Treatment should be the same as f( 
bronchitis. 

PLEURISY. 

Different from pneumonia, percussion 
the ribs produces a clear, resonant soun 
the expired breath is not hot, nor the nostrl 
dilated, in other ways its symptoms will 
something similar. Give Leithhead's Fev 




ACUTE PLURISY 



Remedy to reduce the fever. Apply Lett 
head's Liquid Blister to the side, and co 
tinue for some time with Leithhead's Co 
(lition Powders. 



HYDROTHORAX. 



Follow the information under the head 
this disease for horses. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



57 



NFLAMMATION AND PARALYSIS 
OF THE TONGUE. 

The tongue is swollen and hangs like life- 
ess. Remove any offending substance, and 




PARALYSIS OF TONGUE FROM INJURY. 

■oment with hot water. To bleed it, would 
be a help. 
Apply with a swab three or four times a 



ribly distended with gas, and when tapped 
is elastic and resonant like a drum. The 
diagram shown will point the place to use 
the trochar, or any other sharp instrument 
that will be serviceable to tap to let the gas 
come through. Care should be taken to find 
the right spot. After acute symptoms are 
over, give Leithhead's Condition Powders for 
some little time. 

IMPACTION OF THE OMASUM, 
OR FARDLE-BOUND. 

The omasum, or the third stomach, is a 
sack of a great many layers, arranged to 
rub constantly one on the other to give a 
grinding action to the food. If this stomach 
suffers from want of moisture, the food does 
not pass over thoroughly, leading to inflam- 
mation. 

Known by the animal looking to the right 
side; great tenderness on the right side just 
below the ribs where a hard substance can 
be felt. The animal makes constant attempts 
to pass faeces; fever will set in, which slowly 
increases as the disease progresses. 

Treatment must be prompt. Give as a 
cathartic, 1% pound of Epsom salts to which 





= - 1) 



TROCHAR AND CANNULA. 



day 2 ounces of honey, 1 ounce of vinegar 
to Ys pint of water, mix. 

HOVEN. 

This is distention of the paunch with gas 




OX SUFFERING FROM HOVEN. 
from acute indigestion. The paunch is ter- 



20 drops of croton oil has been added, dis- 
solve in two quarts of water which has been 
warmed. Encourage the drinking of as much 
water as possible with this dose afterwards. 
Give injections of warm water and soap 
every half hour, and blanket the animal. 
Give small doses of Leithhead's Colic Cure 
every two hours. Should the animal need 
any nutritive stimulant, to repeat the dose 
of Epsom salts would be useful. If no help 
comes, call on a veterinarian, if possible. 



DYSPEPSIA. 

Shown by a capricious appetite that is 
dainty at first. It is not a serious disease, 
but weakens the vital functions, so that the 
animal is unable to resist other diseases. The 
best treatment is Lreithhead's Condition Pow- 
ders, which will bring a return of the ap- 
petite. 



LEITHHEAD'S WHITE LINIMENT IS SOOTHING AND HEALING. 



58 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



IMPACTION OF THE RUMEN. OR 
MAW-BOUND. 

This is whtif the food becomes Impact in 
the stomach, causing temporary paralysis. 
The only way to remedy this trouble Is 
throuph some experienced veterinarian. 



CONSTIPATION. 

Give 1% pounds of Kpsom salts with plent 
of water, with more bulk food. Feed Lelth 
head's Stock Food for some time. 




COMPARTMENTS OF THE STOMACH OF RUMINANTS. ' 

a. Rumen, or first compartment. d. Abomasum, or fourth compartment, i 

b. Reticulum, or second do. <•. CEsophagus, or gullet. ; 

c. Omoasum, or third do. f Entrance to the intestines, or pyloris. 1 




TAPPING THE RUMEN. 
To evacuate the Gas in case of hoven. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S., A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



59 




SECURING WITH THE WOODEN GAG 
Prior to passing the probang to evacuate the gas from the stomach. 

DIARRHOEA OR SCOURS. 

This is caused by improper and inferior 
food or irregularity. Often found with other 




DIAGRAM SHOWING WHERE TO TAP 

RUMEN FOR HOVEN. 
insert trochar at point where lines cross. 




CALF SUFFERING FROM DIARRHOEA. 

diseases, such as dyspepsia, etc. An acid 
condition of the stomach is usually the cause, 
especially with young calves that have been 
fed on millc. In case of the calf being trou- 




RUMEN EXPOSED FOR MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF ITS CONTENTS. 



PAIN DISAPPEARS-GALL CURED-LEITHH EAD'S GALL CURE. 



6o 



HOW TO SAVE HOKSE FLESH. 



bled, add to the milk three tablespoonful 
of limewater and a quart of starch grruel, 
Klve night and morning. Restrict the quan- 
tity of drinking water, and keep the animal 
perfectly quiet for some time. If this treat- 
ment with proper care does not relieve, give 
a cathartic of Vj pint of melted lard which 
will rid the system of any retention that 
Is causing the trouble, and follow for some 
little time with I^elthhead's Condition Pow- 
ders. 

DYSENTERY. 

This is inflammation of the mucous lining 
of the stomach and bowels. It is shown by 
severe straining, anr! watery, offensive, 
bloody discharges, high fever with excessive 
thirst, and loss of appetite; it often proves 
fatal through prostration. Be very careful 
not to allow the animal to drink too much 
water. Dissolve In the drinking water chlo- 
rate of potash, one ounce to the pall. Give 
frequent injections of starch gruel with an 
ounce of laudanum in each ounce. Use as a 
cathartic to take nw.Ty any irritation. Ep- 
som salts in K ounce doses dissolved In wa- 
ter.. Feed lightly, and follow the above 
treatment with I.eithhead's Condition Pow- 
dpr= fnr a week or so. 

ENTERITIS. 

This is Inflammation of the digestive ap- 
paratus, but quite different from dysentery. 
Caused by eating poisonous substances, or 
too sudden checking of diarrhoea. There Is 
constipation, and such foeces that are passed 
being hard, dry and coated with mucous, 
offensive and bloody; high fever with a 
thirst that is hard to quench; appetite is lost; 
breathing berome;; labored. The animal 
moans, and refuses to move; death will fol- 
low after an illness lasting from one to two 
weeks. 

Encourage the animal to drink large quan- 
tities of water, and give as a purgative 1% 
pounds of Epsom salts in water. The best 
thing to do Is to get a veterinarian for the 
animal if possible. TTpon recovery give 
I.elthhead's Condition Powders to tone the • 
system. 

PERITONITIS. 

This is Inflaniniation of the serous mem- 
brane lining the cavity of thf> belly; it al- 
ways results from f.n Injury. The animal will 
have (Its of shivering, noticeable around the 
flanks; the animal's temperature will fall 



below the normal; the belly fills with water, 
and death then follows. 

Give a dose of Epsom salts, one pound to 
a % gallon of water, follow It with frequent 
injections of soap and water. Giving Lelth- 
head's Fever Cure in a proper proportioned 
dose for cattle until the symptoms of fever 
have left. After the animal begins to get 
well, give I.,eithhead's Condition Powders. 

LUMPY JAW. 

This is an infectious disease^ which, if 
brought into a herd, will break out in 50 per - 
cent during the course of six to twelve.' 
months. It is a germ disease; the germ en- 
ters the jawbone through a split or decayed' 
tooth, or an abrasion of the gum, then Itj 
grows and improves rapidly, causing a tu-i 
mor or lump to appear. The teeth will get] 
loose; the tongue swells and becomes very! 
hard, making it very clifTicult for the animal ' 
to eat or drink; the glands around the throat I 
will swell and discharge after breaking sIm 
ilar to an nbcess. 

To prevent the spreading of the disease 
Leithhead's Phenyle should be used as an 
disinfectant. Surgical treatment consists of 
opening the tumors freely with a knife, 
emptying the sacks and packing them thor- 
oughly with cotton dipped in tincture of 
iodine. The packing needs to be removed 
once every two days, till the tumor begins 
to shrivel. When the disea.se seems to be 
under control, stop this packing and dress 
the wounds with a solution of Leithhead's 
Phenyle. a tablespoonful to a pint of water 
two or three times a day. The me.at of the 
animal so affected should not be used. 

INFLAMMATION OF KIDNEYS. 

Very rare in latllc I'^oilow the same 




OX SUFFERING FROM INFLAMMATION 
OF THE KIDNEYS 

directions as under horse.-^. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



6i 




URETHRAL CANAL, ETC., OF THE OX 
The bladder. c. Curves of the Urethral Canal. 

The urethral Canal. d. The retractor muscle of the penis. 



RETENTION OF THE URINE. 



Necessitates a veterinarian. 

ALBUMINURIA. 

Is similar to Bright's disease in human. 

This disease is common in sections where 
they feed turnips for an exclusive diet. The 
urine will be thiclt, mucilaginous and dark 
colored; often fails to produce albumen on 
the application of heat, a common test, but 
with tincture of galls, solution of bi-ehloride 
of mercury and alcohol, will always separate 
some. But the only treatment to give is to 
change the diet. Give Epsom salts in pound 
doses in sufficient water. Follow with Leith- 
head's Condition Powders for some time. 

INFLAMMATION OF BLADDER. 

.'Follow the same treatment as under the horse. 

VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS. 

The symptoms of this disease is similar to 
bronchitis being a specie of worm, the egg 
of which is swallowed in grazing. Calves and 
sheep on account of their biting closer than 
cattle are liable to be affected.. Known by a 
slight, husky cough at irregular intervals. 
Breathing becomes more and more embarrass- 
ed. The worm will either be coughed up sing- 
ly or rolled together. Feed liberally with nutri- 
tious food; diet with roots, mixing with the 
food Leithhead's Stock Food. 

Burn Turpentine on shavings, allow them to 
breath the fumes. 

GADFLY, LICE AND MANGE, AND 

OTHER INSECTS BOTHERING 

THE SKIN OF ANIMAL 

Make a solution of Leithhead's Phenyle one 



part to twenty parts of water, and use as a 



OX GADFLY 
(CESSRUS BOVIS) 



solution, applying two or three times a day. 





OX LOUSE 



CALF LOUSE 




BIRD LOUSE 



OX TICK 



LICE and THEIR KNITS ARE KILLED with LEITHHEAD'S PHENYLE. 



62 



HOW TO SAVE HOKSE FLESH. 




GAMASUS OF MUSTY FODDER 

TAPE WORMS AND OTHER WORMS 
IN CATTLE. 

The liest form is iisinj,' Leithhcad'3 Worm 




HEAD OF TAPE WORM GOT BY EATING 
BEEF. 

Powders according to the directions on the 
pnikiige. 

EYE TROUBLES. 

KoUow the same directions that you would 
for horses. 



DISLOCATION. SPRAINS, ETC. 

I be Leiliiliead's \ihite Liniment. 

WOUNDS. 

Use Leithhead's White Jjiniment. 

MALPRESENTATIONS OR PAR- 
TURITION. 

The period of gestation in cows is about nine 
months. Sometimes a few days less, but us- 
ually a few days more. The cow is liable to 
secrete herself from the others at this time. 
The cow lies down occasionally stretching out. 
The first object expelled is the water bag, us- 
ually the size of a man's head. Sometimes it 
breaks, other times it hangs as low as the hocks 
unbroken. The two forefeet next present them- 
selves, the nose lying between the feet. To 
expell the head is three-quarters of the labor; 
the remainder to pass the shoulders, after 
which everything is easy. The cow will imme- 
diately rise and dress the calf with its ton- 
gue, thus drying him off before chilling. If 
the cow should need help after half hour's ef- 
fort, someone she is acquainted with should at- 
tend, being quiet and gentle in his ways. A 
second person should not be present except 
when necessary. When the feet are properly 
presented, catch hold of them, one in each 
hand, pull firmly and evenly, and at exactly 
the same time the cow strains. The main re- 
liance of the operator is good judgment. 

In case of raalpresentation the first thing 
to l)e done is to push the foetus back out of 
the passage, so as to allow room for the arm 
and hand to get hold of the parts that come 
first. This must be done to conform to nat- 
ure's way, and is somewhat difficult. If the 




STRAIGHT HOOK 



^ 




JOINTED HOOK 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



63 



COW is standinig, the trouble is less. If con- 



CONCEALED KNIFE 
venient, a pully to raise the cow is a great 
help. 

1st. — If the front foot and nose are entered 
in the passage, and the other foot bent back, 



the retracted foot must be placed in the proper 
position on account of the obstruction. Tie 
a small rope around the foot presented, so as 
not to loose it, then push the calf back to 
allow the arm to enter and seek the other foot. 
Take in a noose of the rope and put over the 
foot (see cut) and cover the hoof with your 
hand as you bring it forward to prevent 
scratching the womb. This done, delivery will 
follow quickly. In case the nose and one foot 
be turned up, follow as before, but catch tne 
nose also, and this is all. 




FIRST MALPRESENTATION — One fore foot and nose entered, the other foot bent back. 




SECOND MALPRESENTATION— One fore foot presented, the other foot and nose turned down. 



The Greatest and Cheapest Antiseptic— Leithhead's Phenyle. 



64 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



2nd. — When one foot is presented the other 
foot and nose being withheld, proceed as de- 
scribed in the first. 

3rd. — In case the nose is presented, and the 
feet withheld, the rim of the pelvis holds the 
-houlders. If held long the head will swell. 



and the calf is choked to death. In this way 
the only course is to cut the calf's head off, 
then push the body back, and get the feet 
started first to aid the natural way. When 
the head is not swollen, push it back and pro- 
ceed to bring the feet up as thev should be 
first. 




THIRD MALPRESENTATION. 
The nose presented, and both fore feet bent back. 



/^ 




FOURTH MALPRESENTATION. 
The fore feet in the passage, the head turned back on the side. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASKS OF CATTLE. 



65' 



4th. — ^If the forefeet are presented, and the 
head is turned back and against the side. Tie 
the rope to the feet, carry a piece of it to get 
in the mouth if possible, or around the jaw. 
If failing, use a hook to hook into the eye 
socket J push the feet back until the head is 
brought into passage. 

5th. — If the foetus is lying on his back with 



the pole presented, and the feet bent back 
upon the belly, the delivery may be MADE, 
but the nose and feet must be delivered first. 
To do this, pass in a noose for each foot, and 
another for the upper jaw to put in the mouth. 
Push the calf back to liberate the parts, and 
aid nature with the means of these ropes, with 
due caution to prevent the feet from lacerating 
the womb. 




FIFTH MALPRESENTATION. 
The foetus on his back, with the poll presented, and both fore feet bent back. 




SIXTH MALPRESENTATION. 
The hind feet both in the passage. 



Fifty Pounds Meat by Using a 50c Paclcage Leitl-iiiead's Stock Food. 



66 



now TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



Gth. — Both hind feet are in the passage, 
calf's back against the loins of the mother. 
This position not difficult, but delivery must 
be hastened to prevent the calf suffocating. 

7th. — The breech is presented, and the hind 



feet are up against the cow'a back. The feeW 
must be drawn back into the passage. Pass inl 
a rope, take a noose around the hocks, pulli 
the foetus down so as to put the noose around 
the foct. and draw them back, this done, ani 




SEVEN IH MALPRESENTATION 
The calf lying on its back, the hind feet up against the cow's back and the breech presented. 




EIGHTH MALPRESENTATION, 
The breech presented, with the back up af^ainst the loins of the mother, and the hind feet 

bent downwards. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U- S. A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE 



67 



the points of the buttocks being raised over 
the rim of the pelvis at the proper time, the 
calf may perhaps come without further trou- 
ble. But if otherwise, persevere, and turn it 
into the position seen in the cut for the sixth 
malpresentation. Failing in this, and as a 
last resort, it may be necessary to cut the calf 
up, and take him away piece by piece, with the 
concealed knife. The latter operation required 
considerable skill, in order to avoid wounding 
the womb and vagina. It cannot safely be at- 
tempted, except by an elevation of the cow 
very high behind and pushing back the foetus, 
and drawing up the legs and feet into the 
passage, it can be delivered. See cut No. 7. 



tlie legs and feet into the passage, it can be 
delivered. 

9th.- — The neck is presented in the passage, 
the head bent around to one side and the legs 
down against the belly. First, get the feet up 
as directed for the first three malpresenta- 
tions; then turn the head into the passage, as 
directed for the fourth. See cut No. 9. 

We need hardly say that before introducing 
the hand and arm, in any of the cases we have 
mentioned, they should be thoroughly anoint- 
ed with lard or oil. The exact position of the 
foetus should be determined beyond a doubt 
before attempting to change or "turn" it. 

These nine malpresentations do not com- 




NINTH MALPRESENTATION. 
Neck presented, with the head turned against the side and both feet down. 



8th. — This is a breech presentation in which 
the calf's back is up against the mother's loins, 
and the feet are bent downwards. This is con- 
sidered to be the hardest position of all to 
rectify. Pass in the ropes, and take a noose 
around the hocks, and then around the feet; 
then, by elevating the cow very high behind 
and pushing back the foetus, and drawing up 



prise all the difficulties attending the parturi- 
tion; for there may be abnormal develop- 
ments of the foetus, rendering it a mechanical 
impossibility to effect its delivery alive. By 
far the most common phenomena under this 
head are hydrocephalus (dropsy of the brain) 
and ascites (dropsy of the belly.) 



Barb Wire Cuts Healed Quickly witFi Leitiiliead's Whiite Liniment. 



68 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



HYDROCEPHALUS. 

This occurs mostly in old, thin cows, but 
sometimes also in excessively fine-bred ones. 
1 he head must be tapped with the trochar 
;ind cannula, this evaculating the water; then 
crush in the skull, and deliver. 



COW DYING TO SAVE CALF. 

In case of serious malformation of the cow. 
when all hope of saving her is given up, and 
the calf is still alive but cannot be delivered, 
resort should be had to the Caesarian opera 
tion, as a veterinarian will do. 




HYDROCEPHALUS— with malpresentation 




ASCITES, OR DROl^SY OF THE BELLY. 
The presentation is natural. 



ASCITES. 

Carry in the concciili'd knifi', and witii it tap 
the belly and let the water out into the moth- 
er's womb. If this is not successful, use a long 
trochar and cannula, as shown in the cut. 



CARE BEFORE PARTURITION. 

Sonii-' Lifaliiu'iiL.- or rather, special care — i 
is very necessary both before and after par-'* 
turition. If the delivery is easy, a warm^ 
bran mash with a little salt in it is soothing 1 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



69 



and slightly nutritious. The cow should be 
dieted a few days before calving, to loosen the 
bowels; if on hay, give roots and bran. Avoid 
having breeders too fat, the other extreme be- 
ing just as bad. If too fat, puerperal fever 
is much more apt to follow; if too thin and 
weakly, the placenta is sure to be retained. 
Avoid both these extremes, have them in mid- 
dling flesh up to within a month of calving; 
then increase the feed up to within two days 
of that time, so as to have them in thriving 
condition. If the cow is fat, it is a good plan 
to give a day or two before, half a pound of 
Epsom salts in a quart of water, to loosen the 
bowels. 

If delivery is long and exhausting, give a 
pint of warm ale during its progress, and 
again afterwards. If the udder fills very full 
before calving, it is well to milk a little to re- 
lieve its painful tension, milk the cow imme- 
diately after calving, while she is drinking her 
slop, and feed the calf before he gets up, 
about a pint of the milk, giving the rest to the 
cow. It will act upon her as a healthful laxa- 
tive. Inasmuch as the milk at this time is 
very different from what she ordinarily gives, 
there is very little danger of begetting the 
habit of milking herself. 

The milk, at first, is rather thick and" yel- 
low, and is not fit to use for family purposes 
under three or four milkings. Some people 
indeed have a prejudice against using it un- 
der two weeks; nevertheless, except for drink- 
ing, it is good for all purposes after the third 
milking; provided there is no disease in the 
cow. 

PROLONGED AFTER-PAINS. 

These sometimes occur after protracted and 
painful delivery, from failure of the womb to 
contract, or from retention of the after-birth, 
■ — most commonly in weak, thin, old cows. For 
treatment, injections of cold water thrown up 
the vagina will usually suffice. They should 
not be allowed to continue, as they are apt to 
lead to inversion of the womb. 

RETENTION OF AFTER-BIRTH. 

When the placenta or after-birth is retain- 
ed, mechanical means are necessary to remove 
it; for it becomes a foreign body as soon as 
the foetus is delivered, and begins at once to 
decompose, and the impure matter being ab- 
sorbed into the circulation, the general health 
of the animal suffers decidedly. 

It is best to let the placenta remain till the 
end of the second day, or beginning of the 
third, to soften a little. If it does not come 
out; it is easily removed by inserting the 



hand and arm to the shoulder, and then with 
the other hand move the hanging membrane; 
at the same time take each cotyledon or but- 
ton by which the placenta is attached to the 
womb, in turn, and pinching it a little be- 
tween the thumb and forefinger, it will detach 
from it, much as unbuttoning a garment. 
Great care is required not to pull off one of 
these cotyledons, or the resulting hemorr- 
hage might prove fatal, Should this be done, 
cold water thrown over the loins will be the 
proper treatment. 

ABORTION AND MISCARRIAGE. 

Premature expulsion of the foetus is called 
abortion in the earlier periods of gestation, 
and miscarriage or premature labor in later 
ones. It is quite often found to be from 
sympathy. By some, however, it is regarded 
as strictly the result of contagion. If so, the 
contagious principle must be in the smell of 
the discharges that follow; for the sense of 
smell in horned cattle is very acute, and is 
apparently in very close connection with the 
nervous system. Such events are great loss to 
the cattle owners. Common causes are acci- 
dents, or violence of some kind, — ^being hooked 
and pushed about by other cattle, or kicked 
and clubbed by brutal herdsmen; jumping, 
leaping, falling, etc. Some suppose it to be 
caused, in many cases, by ergot in the hay or 
other fodder, such as has been badly harvested 
or grown in a wet season, especially on low, 
swampv ground. 

HOW TO KNOW IT.— There will be_ dull- 
ness, suspension of rumination, anxiety in the 
countenance, separation from companions, at 
length a small water bag will be passed, and 
a little later a foetus. Or, perhaps, all that 
may be noticed, to indicate something wrong, 
will be a tiny foetus found somewhere. More 
or less discharge will follow. It will be of a 
bloody, mucous character, and is ikely to be- 
come purulent after a few days. 

TREATMENT. — For the original case, (in 
which the mischief is nearly always completed 
before discovered) nothing special can be done, 
except to syringe the parts out well with tepid 
water, and follow this with a solution of 
Leithhead's Phenyle, 1 ounce to a gallon of 
water. Inject a little twice a day. Continue 
it a week or more. 

PREVENTION. — This is really the impor- 
tant point Isolate the cow that has aborted 
immediately, and with the above treatment 
very likely the bad effects of her example 
will be arrested. Always shut a cow up when 
bulling; her jumping on the others, or. in- 
stead," being ridden by them, is apt to injure 
them and her alike. 

The feeding of hemp seed deserves consid- 



Leithhead's Hoof Ointment will Cure Craclced Hoofs, 



70 



HOW TO SAVE HORSK KLESH. 



1 ite attention, owing to the experience of 
itcognized authorities on breeding. It ia given 
in pint feeds once n Jay, with other food, from 
the time immcdiiilel^' preceding the bulling 
season through four or five months. As to the 
general diet, feed well so as to keep cows in 
good, strong condition, but avoid obesity. 

UTERINE HEMORRHAGE OR 
FLOODING. 

Bleeding from thf womb or vagina some- 
times follows protriuled labor, from injuries 
to those parts by carelessness or accident 
during parturition ; or it may result from 
unskillful removiil of tlie placenta. The con- 
tinuance of bleeding is due to the failure of 
the womb to contract, as it should do, after 



cause the latter to contract upon it. If this * 
means prove insufficient, inject cold water into * 
the womb, with a suitable syringe. 

INVERSION OF THE WOMB. 

Following immediHlely upon parturition, 
after-pains .-.oiiietimes come on so violently 
that the womb is forced right out through the 
vagina, and is turned inside out, and lies or 
hangs behind the cow a pink, baglike sub- 





EXAGGERATED ILLUSTRATION OF UTER- 
INE HEMORRHAGE. 

delivery. It is called flooaing on account of 
its coming away in such large quantities," the 
womb-ful being evacuated at a time. 

WHAT TO DO.— Throw cold uater, by the 
bucketful over the loins; cool the hand and 
i>wf.rf ;t into the womb, which will sometimes 



INVERSION OF THE WOVIB. 

stance covered with cotyledonous (mulberry- 
like) excrescences all over the surface. 

WHAT TO DO.— If dirty, take it up on a 

clean nhcet. and wash it with tepid water with 

a little alcohol in it — a wineglassful to a pint 

of water. Sponge it over with laudanum, and 

carefully return it. This is an exceedingly 

delicate task, though not difficult otherwise. 

I The uterus will generally suck down into its 

j proper place without any difficulty, but if 

I necessary to manipulate the walls of the vagina 

I somewhat, this may be done — always with ex- 

! treme care and the minimum amount of force 

I that ■will accomplish the object. Then place 




TO PREVENT INVERSION OK THE WOMB. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH. U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



71 



the cow in a stall where the hind feet will 
Tse at least six inches higher than the forward, 
and apply a harness and compress over the ex- 
ternal opening, as shown in the annexed cut. 
If straining is violent and continues any length 
of time, give internally the following mixture: 
1 ounce chloral hydrate, one pint water, mix. 
Give as one dose; if necessary, repeat it in half 
an hour. 



PUERPERAL FEVER OR METRO- 
PERITONITIS. 

This disease is often confounded with par- 
turient apoplexy, so that, notwithstanding the 
difference between the two conditions, they 
are mistaken one for the other. The ante- 
cedent facts will usiially be found to be diffi- 



is constipation. All the symptoms, and espe- 
cially the belly pains, increase; prostration 
comes on; finally, stupor (coma) sets in. 
Death soon follows. Give Epsom salts in 1^ 
pound doses with plenty of water. Give Leith- 
head's Fever Cure in proper dose for cattle. 
In early stages a little blood may be drawn. 
If necessary, use stomach pump (see cut.) 
Apply Leithhead's Blister Salve to the belly. 
If constipation is still obstinate, a pint of 
tepid water may be injected into a vein. Up- 
on return of the health give Leithhead's Con- 
dition Powders. 

PARTURIENT APOPLEXY. 

HOW TO KNOW I'J\— Ttiere is at first a 
staring, Avild look about the eyes, disinclina- 
tion to move, loss of milk, and increased tem- 
perature; but these symptoms are seldom so 
marked as to attract special notice. They 




USING THE STOMACH PUMP. 
Manner of giving food or medicine during stupor. 



cult parturition, exposure to cold storms 
or extremes of temperature, retention of the 
placenta, or overdriving prior to calving, and 
the like circumstances. Thin, poor cows that 
have been changed suddenly from a dry, short 
pasture to rich succulent feed at or near the 
time of calving, are especially apt to have it. 
It may come on at any time from a few hours 
after calving up to the third or fourth day. 

The cow has high fever, capricious appetite, 
with) rumination suspended^; colicky pains; 
kicking at the belly; getting up and lying 
down frequently,— sometimes, remaining on 
the knees several minutes. The head is turn- 
ed towards the flank; the pulse is quick, 
hard and wiry; the respirations are accelerat- 
ed, short and confined to the thorax, so as to 
avoid moving the abdomen as much as pos- 
sible; the belly is tucked up, the urine" is 
scanty and high colored, and usually there 



are followed by a staggering gait and weak- 
ness across the loins, till suddenly the animal 
falls, when the eyes are found to be blood- 
shot and glassy, the pupils dilated and the 
lids twitching. The mucous membranes become 
purple; she gets perfectly blind and camatose 
(stupid) ; the head is usually turned back to 
the side; the pulse gets gradually slower, fad- 
ing into imperceptibility ; the breathing is 
slow and stertorous. In this stage the pupils 
contract, the temperature falls decidedly, 
sometimes as low as 9.5 degrees. The udder 
becomes hard and unyielding; the paunch fills 
with gas, causing marked interference with the 
breathing; convulsions set in, and death soon 
follows. 

WHAT TO DO. — Prevention is the main 
thing. If the cow is manifestly plethoric, give 
light, soft diet, with Leithhead's Stock Food 
once or twice a week before calving. If the 



The Best Treatment for Cuts— Leithhead's Phenyle. 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH 



.iiiaik appears purge with 1% poundd of Ep- 
som salts, and hieed freely if the pulse ho full. 
(Jive a stimulant such as whiskey, etr. If 
she recovers, do not breed her again, but st-il 
her to the butcher. 

LEUCORRHOEA OR WHITES. 

This is catarrh of the vagina and womb, 
with a chronic discharge of the muco-puruliMit, 
white fluid which hangs around the vulva and 
tail, and has a very offensive odor. It is not 
attended with serious constitutional dislwrli- 
inces. but sometimes causes nymphomonia or 
'buller." Such cows rarely breed, and even if 
they do so, are apt to abort. Sometimes the 
discharge is so profuse as to keep the cow 
poor. 

\piAT TO DO.— Syringe the parts with 
tepid water, and inject l^eithhead's Phenyle 
1 ounce to one gallon of water, repeating this 
twice a day. Feed on nutritious but light diet. 
Give Leithhead's Condition Powders. 

GONORRHOEA. 

This is catarrh of the generative parts of 
the bull, — little ulcers of cancres in the sheath 
on the penis with a whitish discharge, which 
is chronic Suspend all service and give him 1 
pound of Epsom salts, and when the bowels 
return to their normal condition give Leith- 
head's Condition Powders for three or four 
weeks. Draw out the yard with soft linen 
cloth, and l)athc all affected parts with Leitli- 
head's White Liniment diluted with four times 
water. Continue the application once a day, 
till cured, and do not let him serve a cou. for 
the reason that it is contagious. If any 
cancres are seen, touch them once a day with 
lunar caustic. Feed on green food, if possihle. 



MAMMITIS OR INFLAMMATION 
OF THE UDDER. 

This is most common after a parturition 
which occurs In-fore the secretion of milk has 
assumed a normal condition, especially in the 
case of heifers at the first calving. 

Thb type of mammitis that takes on the 
active inflammatory character is ushered in 
with a shivering fit, which is succeeded in a 
short time by fever and dullness. The bag 
i)ccomes hot and hard, red, swollen and sore. 
It being so painful to the touch, the cow is 
very averse to being milked. 

If dependent upon calving, and the cow is 
fat and feverish, give one pound of Epsom 
Salts. Foment the bag with hot water several 
times a day. and as often as three or four 
times a day remove the milk that does form, 
ind apply the following lotion: 
4 ounces gum camphor. 
1 pint olive oil. 
Mix. 

Kub in well three times a day. If the in- 
flammation does not go out by the time jnii- 
gation ceases, give Leithhead's Condition 
Powders for a week or two. If the case goes 
not to suppuration, and it breaks on the out- 
side, foment the bag, and inject Ijcithheail's 
Phenyle one ounce to a galfon of water three 
times a day. In all cases where there is much 
swelling, support the bag by a bandage passed 
around the body over the loins. If a quarter 
sloughs off, dress the wound with this solu- 
tion. \\Tien it is merely a case of curdled milk 
(garget), give a tal)lcspoonful of saltpetre night 
and morning in a bran mash, and milk her with 
special care, to make sure of getting all the 
milk away. 



(D 



TRADE MARK 
ADOPTED DEC 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



Diseases of Swine. 



The utmost care must be exerted to prevent 
disease from your swine herd. 

When disease does appear it is so general 
to be death dealing that caution is of more 
value than treatment. 

The few ailments of hogs are generally in the 
shape of contagious epidemics of the most ser- 
ious kind, such as Hog Cholera, etc. 

One good caution is to not allow any new 
comer in the regular herd until you are assured 
they are free from disease. 

Disinfectants should be used for the slightest 
reason, as a matter of safety. Leithhead's 
Phenyle is the best disinfectant for this pur- 
pose. The dilution of Leithhead's Phenyle for 
use is usually with 50 parts of water. 

HOG CHOLERA. 

Hog Cholera appears under the following 
three headings: 

1. Malignant Epizootic Catarrh. 

2. Contagious Fever of Swine. 

3 Contagious Pneumo — Enteritis. 

When any of such disease appears the cheap- 
est way is to kill the sick ones. Bury deep. 

Thoroughly disinfect with Leithhead's Phe- 
nyle. 

MALIGNANT EPIZOOTIC CATARRH. 

This disease generates quickly and fatally in 
filthy yards. 

This poison germ attacks the mucous mem- 
brances of the animals. A cold predisposes the 
animal to this disease. 

It is known by difficult breathing, panting 
lifting of the flanks, and a short hoarse cough. 
There is fever. The head will be stretched 
out and drooping. Running at the nose. Ef- 
fort to vomit. General constipation; but some- 
times diarrhoea Animal will show a stiff 
totering gait. 

In death will be found inflammation of the 
Nasal passage of the upper throat and wind- 
pipe and lungs, and more or less solidified. 

The second form of the disease shows - less 
cough, less difficulty in breathing, but decided 
paralysis and tottering gait. 

Constipation followed with profuse diar- 
rhoea. The back arched; partial or total 



blindness ; enlarged glands and scrofulous ul- 
clers. After death the intestinal lining will 
be found degenerated and enlarged. An en- 
larged spleen, soft and aark; liver also af- 
fected. 

May be water exudations in the chest and 
belly. 

Duration of either form 15 days. 

As soon as assured this disease exists in 
your swine herd, separate the herd and use 
disinfectants profusely. Any animal showing 
the slightest ailment should be treated with 
an emetic dose of 15 or 20 grains of White 
Hellebore, to be given as instructed under the 
article headed "Giving Medicine to Swine," 
or in % pint of milk if the animal wHl drink 
it. 

When this dose has been vomited by the 
animal, if the symptoms are as described first 
or in the lungs, give 2 or 3 grains of tartar 
emetic in a half roasted potato. If the animal 
will not eat, envelop in a dose of lard and place 
well back in the mouth. 

Apply over the sore spots Leithhead's Blister 
Salve. Repeat till blistered. As soon as the 
animal gets relief, give Leithhead's Hog Chol- 
era Cure according to directions. 

If after giving the White Hellebore the 
trouble is seen to be the bowels, instead of 
giving the tartar emetic give the same amount 
of calomel in the same way and proceed. 

CONTAGIOUS FEVER OF SWINE. 

Sometime called intestinal Hog Cholera. 

Infection is Virulent. 

Incubation last three days to two weeks. 

Animal will shiver, prostration, nose hot 
and dry. The animal will lay under the litter 
and refuse food. 

There will be great thirst. Temperature in 
the rectum will show 103 to 105 degrees. 

The skin will be sore, heated, red patches 
which will disappear upon pressure. Black 
spots. Eye sunken; unsteady gait. Pulse 
weak and rapid. Tongue much furred. 

The belly will be so sore that the animal 
will scream and flinch when handled. Costive- 
ness sometimes continues often after the third 
day; foetid diarrhoea. 



Adds More Flesh than the Price— Leithhead's Hog Cholera Remedy. 



74 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



Slime and blood may pass showing ulcera- 
tion of the bowels. 

Kill and bur}' the infected animal. Separate 
all other animals showing rectal temperature 
above 100 degrees. 

Give these Ijeithhead's Hog Cholera Cure as 
directed. 

Acidulate the drinking water by adding a 
small amount of sulphuric acid sufficient to 
just be tasted. 

In costive trouble give Castor Oil in two 
ounce doses. 

CONTAGIOUS PNEUMO-ENTERITIS. 

PURPLES— HOG CHOLERA. 

L()nl:igiou>. inflammation ot' lungs and bow- 
els. The skin showing purple or rod blotches. 

As malignant Anthrax or charbon is some- 
tiuies mistaken for this disease, we place the 
svmptora-s side by side — as stated by Eh-. 
Klein. 



CONTAGIOUS 
PNEUMO- 
ENTERITIS. 

Incubation period 2 
to r) days. Other an- 
imals rarely contract 
this disease; spleen 
rarely enlarged or 
otherwise changed. 
Blood after death of 
ordinary appearance; 
no bacillus anthracis 
iii tbe blood, but num- 
berless bacilly in the 
serum of thorax and 
abdomen. Lungs and 
bowels always both 
inflamed. Cough al- 
ways present. The 
red and purple color 
diffused over the sur 
face of an erysipelat- 
ous appearance. ance. 

Erysipelatous form of Pneumo Enteriti.s — 
.\nimal dull, will not eat, unwilling to move, 
eough. difficult to urinate, bowels constipat- 
ed, dung hard and black. The purple and red 
blotches appear about the fore part of the 
animal. Possible discharge of black or purple 
fluid from the nose. Paralysis of hind limbs. 
Animal forced up, he will drop to the ground. 
Animal dies in one to three days. 

Sore throat type — of Pneumo Enteritis — 
symptoms about the sam.- as for the Erysipe- 
latous form except the throiit will give all in- 
.\;,..,t ;,,,., ,,f filling up juid choking. Some- 



TRUE CHARBON. 

Period of incubation 
a few hours to 3 days, 
easily transmissible to 
other animals. Spleen 
a 1 w a y s e n 1 arged. 
Blood after death dark 
and fluid. Bacillus 
nnthracis in the blood. 
Lungs and bowels fre 
quently not implicat- 
ed. Cough may be 
present. 

Discoloration ; locn 1 
Car buncular appear- 



times death will result by choking within, an 
hour. Tr&it with I^ithhead's Hog Cholera 
Vvire. 

SPLENIC FEVER, MALIGNANT 
ANTHRAX OR CHARBON. 

\'eiy rare in hogs. 

The description under Contagious Pneumo- 
Enteritis as a comparison is sufficient. 

Care need be taken in handling as it is 
contagious to man. 

L'se Leithhead's Phenyle solution for disin- 
fectant. Everv animal infected had better be 
killed. 

GIVING MEDICINE TO HOGS-. 

To give li<|uid to nil objecting hog use a 
horn and pour down after drawing up the head 
of the hog by slipping a noose over the upper 
jaw. The obstinacy of the hog pulling back 
will bring his hinder parts to the floor. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 

Laborous breathing, more or less cough, shiv 
ering, loss of appetite. Make the animal com- 
fortable. Keep a preparation of tepid water 
and mustard on the side; give four teaspoon- 
fuls in feed or in solution of the following mix- 
ture as required. Bisulphate of soda, nitrate 
of Potash, equal parts. 

Good nursing is of most benefit. 

INFLAMMATION OF TONSILS. 

Often fatal. 

Known by swelling under the lower jaw and 
neck; difficult swallowing. 

Scarify tlie parts with keen blade knife till 
blood flows freely. 

.\pply hot water to the part re|)eatcdly to 
induce bleeding and reduce the inflammation. 
Inject into the rectum the following: 
4 oz. Magnesium Sulphate. 
2 drachms Oil Turpentine. 
Vz pint soap suds. 
Give in gruel 2 teaspoons Turpentine, 2 ten- 
spoons lard oil. If it will not (*at swab the 
tonsils with t1ii> niivtiire. 

STAGGERS-CONGESTION OF 
THE BRAIN. 

l-nal in fat hogs. 

Kyes red; stupid: pulse hard and rapid: 
bowels constipated. 

.As the disease progresses the nninuil be- 
comes blind, turning in a circle and may fall 
unconscious. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



DISEASES OF SWINE. 



75 



The animal may fall suddenly, stiffen out 
and froth at the mouth. Breath with a snort- 
ing sound. 

Dash cold ^yater from a heighth or bleed. 

MEASLES. 

Caused by eating the eggs of the tapeworm 
of man. The excrement of dogs may carry 
the eggs of tapeworm and can need be looked 
to, to prevent. No treatment of avail. 

TRICHINA. 

Infects rats, hogs and man. 
Prevention necessary — ^Keep away from 
mice, rats, slaughter pens. 
No cure. 

WORMS. 

Lard Worm. 
Kidney Worm. 

Always produce death; when located kill the 
animal and burn. 



MANGE, SCAB OR LICE. 

Easily discerned. 

Leithhead's Phenyle solution will kill these 
pests, and if used properly will rid the pen 
also of any stray pest. 



DIARRHOEA. 

Diarrhoea in young pigs is quite common 
during their first ten days. To cure feed the 
sow on following preparation: 

2 oz. Foenogreek. 

2 oz. Anise. 

2 oz. Chalk. 

1 oz. Gentian . 

2 oz. Carb. Soda. 

Give tablespoonful in every feed. 




OUR GUARANTEE 
TRADE MARK 
ADOPTED DEO, 



Will Add Flesh to Your Swine Herd— Leithhead's Hog Cholera Remedy. 



Diseases of Chickens. 



PERIOD OF INCUBATION. 

Turkey setting on eggs of the 

Hen 24 days 

Duck 27 days 

Turkey 26 days 

Hen setting on the eggs of the 

Duck 30 days 

Hen 21 days 

Duck 30 days 

Goose 30 days 

Pidgeon ' 18 days 

APOPLEXY. 

Known by the bird moping for several days. 
The bird will at last fall and die with a 
severe struggle. 

Prevention is exercise. 

Avoid stimulating foods. 

VERTIGO. 

The fowl will run in a circle, looses some 
control of limbs; sometimes falls and dies. 

When observed, hold the head under a 
stream of cold water. 

Place the fowl on a low diet; give 10 grains 
of Jalap after an attack. 

CROP BOUND. 

Hardening of the crop from irregular feed- 
ing. Treatment, puncture the upper part of 
the crop. Sew up the incision after taking out 
the congested food. 

DIARRHOEA. 

Give Leithhead's Poultry Powder. 

CATARRH. 

A watery discharge from the nostrils. The 
eyelids will swell, extending sometimes to the 
face. Be sure to have comfortable quarters. 
Give Leithhead's Poultry Powder. 

BRONCHITIS. 

(Sometimes called Croup.) 
Effects of a cold settling on lungs and air 
passage. 



Known by cough; raising the head to 
breathe; offensive smell. 

In severe cases give a dose of 1 grain calomel 
Vs grain Tartar Emetic. Swab the throat with 
powdered borax; put % oz. chloride of Potash 
in 2 quarts of water for drinking purposes. 

ROUP. 

Symptoms like severe catarrh but the dis- 
charge from nostrils is thick and overly of- 
fensive. 

Froth at the corner of eyelids and they 
swell shut. 

In all cases the diseased fowl must be sep- 
arated from the flock. The premise must be 
disinfected with a solution of Leithhead's 
Phenyle. 

There is little use of treatment. You mu.st 
feed soft feed. Keep in warm place. Hive 
from a teaspoonful to tablespoonful of Castor 
Oil. Make a solution of 1 part Chloride Soda. 
2 parts water, and syringe through the slit 
of the roof of the mouth, with this solution : 

Have made up the following: 
V2 oz. Balsam Copaiba. 
% oz. Licorice Powder. 
% drachm piperine. 

Make into thirty powders. 

Give one, two or three times a day. 

Always bury the dead fowl. 

GAPES. 

A parasitic worm in the wind pipe. 'Usually 
in chickens two to four months of age. 

Use a pocket lens to detect the presence on 
the head of the chicken — this tick like parasite. 
Bathe the head with a solution of Leithhead's 
Phenyle 1 to 100. 

To cure the gapes, insert a quill feather 
properly shaped, dipped in turpentine into 
wind-pipe at base of tongue; turn the feather 
and withdraw. Repeat if necessary. 

Feed Leithhead's Poultry Powder according 
to- directions. 

RIP. 

A result of a disease forming a crust at the 
tip of the tongue. 

Remove. Wash with dilute solution of 
Phenyle. Follow directions for roup. 



Eggs in Winter Wiien Using Leithinead's Poultry Powder. 



78 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



INFLAMMATION OF EGG PASSAGE 

Known liy soft shell e<rjjs. Feathers of l)ack 
ruffled. Straining to discharge contents. 
Give a dose of 1 grain calomel. 

1-12 grain Tartar Emetic. 
Feed nourishing food. Some bone meal. 

LEG WEAKNESS. 

Easily known. 

Feed I^eithhead's Poultry Powder. 

Insect and animal food if jjossilile. 

LOUSINESS. 

Wash everv crack and crevice with a .=!olu- 



tion of Ivcithhead's Phenyle. 
haths. 



Have dust ] 



CHICKEN CHOLERA. 

>aiinaLe the roosts with kerosene and also 
the floor and sides of the coop. 

firease every chicken with mercurial oint- 
ment mixed with eiiual parts of lard. Par- 
tially heat this preparation to make applica- 
tions easier. Mix l.«ithhead's Hog Cholera 
preparation with the feed. 

A tablespoonful for feed of twelve chickens. 
Continue during the Cholera season of May to 
November. 

It is a good preventative. 




OUR GUARAN 
TRAOK MARK 
A0OI>TED DEC. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



Diseases of Sheep. 



DISTEMPER OR EPIZOOTIC 
CATARRH. 

A slight discharge from the nose of watery 
consistency. Loss of Appetite. No cough. 
Animal weak, depressed, pulse faster and weak- 
er. 

In continued trovible without relief the nasal 
discharge becomes thick and glutinous tinged 
with blood. Eyes half closed. Lids gummed. 
Respiration becomes difficult. 

Remove such animals to warm and venti- 
lated quarters. If the bowels are costive, have 
your druggist prepare the following: 
1 oz. Carb. Ammonia. 
1 oz. Rhubarb. 
I oz. Ginger. 
1 oz. G«ntian. 

Simmer the last three items in a quart of 
water and add the ammonia when cold. Give 
two tablespoonsful 4 times a day. 

Good food, nourishing drinks and nursing 
are of the most importance. 

Give Leithhead's Stock Food when the ani- 
mal begins to improve. 

GRUBS IN THE HEAD. 

Caused by the sheep gadfly depositing its 
eggs in the nostril. 

This is done in July and August. They 
cause much pain. No good treatment to rid 
the sheep of them. 

Prevention is the best. 

Keep a portion of the field plowed for the 
sheep. Smear the sheep's nose once a day dur- 
ing the fly season with tar. 

APOPLEXY. 

A trouble from being overly fat. 
The sheep will leap suddenly in the air and 
fall. Unless relieved death results immediate- 

ly- 

Bleeding is the only remedy. Prevention — 
Watch for the early symptom, such as dull- 
ness, partially unconscious ; nostrils and pupils 
dilated. 

Membranes of nose deep red or violet; pulse 
hard; breath difficult. Bleed immediateHy, 



Give 1 ounce Epsom Salts every six hours till 
it produces action of the bowels. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE. 

If serious, take a little blood from the facial 
vein. The vein running obliquely from the eye. 
Bathe the eye and apply the following receipt 
twice a day with Camel's hair brush. 

Nitrate Silver, 5 grains. 

Water, 1 oz. 

Laudanum, 15 drops. 

SWELLED HEAD. 

Caused by bites of serpents or insects, etc. 
Bathe with saleratus water. 

VEGETABLE POISONING. 

Bathe the parts affected with hot water and 
apply Leithhead's White Liniment. 

TETANUS LOCK JAW. 

Caused by an injury of some kind. The ani- 
mal will be hardly able to walk. Jaws will be 
set. Death generally takes place quickly. It 
is an excited condition of the nervous system. 

Give Castor oil in four ounce doses. Keep 
the animal warm. Never bleed the animal; 
many advise this. 

SCABS, TICKS AND LICE. 

Unnecessary to describe as easily seen and 
known. 

Use I/eithhead's Sheep Dip according to the 
directions. 

FOOT ROT. 

The skin at the top of the clefts and over 
the heels become dry, red, moist, warm and 
rough as though chafed. 

Next there will be a discharge with forma- 
tion of ulcers. 

The whole foot eventually becomes a rotten 
mass filled with maggots. 

Animal will be lame, looses appetite. 

After curing; in severe cases it is liable to 
reappear the second and third year. 



Leithhead's Sheep Dip Increases the Wool Crop. 



8o 



HOW TO SAVE HORSK FI.KSH. 



Cut away the diseased part eleiinsing the 
knife occasionally in a solution of Ijcithhead's 
Phenyle. 

Prepare a tank and fill a depth of 4 inches 
with a saturated solution of Blue Vitriol. Keep 
this solution as hot as bearable by placing hot 
irons in it during its use. 

Allow the sheep to stand in the solution 
ten minutes. 

Then cover the foot with Chloride of Lime, 
filling the cleft with tow by lying around the 
fetlock. 

Keep on dry and short pasture. Examine 
frei)uently. If necessary renew the Chloride 
of Lime. 

A tonic must be given. 

r.ivp Tycithhond's Condition Powders for this 
tonic. 

FOUL IN THE FOOT. 

Duo to driving sheep on the road. Wash the 
foot and cleft with warm soapy water. 

Touch the lender and thin parts with a 
feather dipped in sulphuric acid and then cov- 
er with tar. 

In any case of foul apply a strong solution 
of Blue Vitriol. 

The above items should be carried when driv- 
ing sheep. 

SWOLLEN FOOT AND GRAVEL 

Kxtract the gravel, if ulcerated open, dresa 
with Leithhead's White Liniment. 

If necessary use a saturated plug of tow. 
Dip in tar. 

MAGGOTS AND BLOW FLIES. 

There i-s no excuse for wounds to be blowed. 
To avoid, use I^eithhead's White Liniment for 
the healing preparation. 

If from filth of the I highs it should be cen- 
sured. 

Cleanse the parts, extract the maggots, and 
apply T>eithhcad's Phenyle. 1 part in solution 
with alcohol 4 parts. 

.\pply [yeithhead's White Liniment daily. 

Tag the sheep by shearing from under the 
t.nil (li;iL'onally down to the Mii-jhs. 

INTESTINAL WORMS. 

Very seldom noticed until death allows you 
to open and investigate. If one in a flock has 
worms the rest of the flock Ls surely in the 
same condition. 

Worms do not harm unless in abundance. 

It is always good policy to feed lycithhead's 
Worm Powders occasionally in teaspoonful 
doses three times a day. 



THE ROT OR LIVER FLAKE. 

Small flat worms in the liver known b/ a 
tenderness and weakness about the loins. 

The belly will be swollen. The eyes y/'llow 
as in jaundice. 

To rub the skin back and forth between the 
tluunb and finger will be soft and flabby and 
gives a crackling sensation. 

Be Sl'RK to remove the sheep to high dry 
pasture or salt marsh. This is poi-son to the 
flake. 

I*i-epare % lb. Magnesia Sulphate with n,^ 
pts. of water. 'Add 6 teaspoonfuls of turpen- 
tine. Shake well lieforc pouring and give one 
third every two days. 

Follow this Viy feeding Ix'ithhead's Condition. 
Powders — teaspoonful doses. 

LUNG WORMS. 

This disease is caused by the presence of 
worms in the wind pipe and bronchial tubes 
and sometimes the lungs. 

Known by a husky cough, quickened breath- 
ing, loss of appetite and flesh. The sheep will 
rub its nose on the ground. 

There may be dysentery. 

Examine mouth, throat and stools for indi- 
cation of worms. 

Give Leithhead's Worm Powders. 

Burn turpentine in pine shavings and have 
them breathe the fumes. 



1 



Follow 
horse. 



SPRAINS. BRUISES, ETC. 

directions under advice as for the 



LAMBING. 



If wrong presentations are made the shep- 
herd should be ready with his hand oiled and 
warmed in warm water to aid the delivery. 
Be very careful in changing the position of the 
foetus. 

If a lamb gets chilled put into warm bath; 
dry well; give a few spoonfuls of milk diluted 
a little and sweetened, a dusting of red i)epper 
in it will be beneficial. 




OUR GUARANTCe 
TRADE MARK 
A^OPTLD DCC 



L. W. LEFTHHEAD DRUG CO.. DULUTH, U. S. A. 



Glossary of Scientific and Other Terms, 

In General Use with Their Definitions, 



Ablacatation — A weaning or cessation from 
suckling. 

Abomasum — The last or fourth stomach of 
ruminating animals. 

Abdomen^The portion of the body contain- 
ing the 'Stomach and intestines; the belly. 

Abnormal — That which is not natural or 
regular. 

Abortion — The casting of the young in an 
unnatural manner, and before the proper time. 

Abrade, Abrasion — To rub off, to wear away 
by contact, as rubbing off the surface of the 
skin, producing galls. 

Abcess — A swelling and its cavity contain- 
ing pus or matter. A cavity containing pus. 

Absorbent — In anatomy, those vessels which 
imbibe or suck up, as the lacteals or lymphat- 
ics. In medicine, any substance, as chalk, 
magnesia, etc., used to absorb acidity in the 
stomach. 

Absorbtion — The taking up by the vessels 
of the body of any substance either natural 
or unnatural, as the serum of dropsical swell- 
ings. 

Acute — Severe, sharp. In diseases, those 
which soon come to an end in contradistinction 
to chronic. 

Adhesion — A Joining together, as the union 
of parts in healing. 

Adhesive — That which adheres, as certain 
plasters. 

Adipose — Fatty matter; belonging to fat. 

Adolescence — ^The period between puberty 
(the age of procreation) and the full develop- 
ment of the physical system. 

Adult — The age succeeding adolescence, and 
preceding old age. 

Aerate — Mixing with air, as the blood in the 
lungs, by which it absorbs oxygen. 

Affection — Disease, or disease of some par- 
ticular part. 

Affinity — The attraction which causes par- 
ticles of bodies to adhere and form compounds. 
That which causes substances to cohere. 

Affluence — Determination of the blood or of 
humors to a part. 

Albuminuria — That condition in which the 



urine contains albumen and an excess of urea, 
coagulable by means of nitric acid and heat. 

Albumen — Substances, animal and vegetable, 
resembling the white of an egg. 

Aliment — Solid or liquid substance taken as 
food. 

Alimentary Canal — The bowels. 

Alkali — Any substance which will neutral- 
ize an acid, as magnesia, soda, potash, etc. 

Alter — A term in common use for castra- 
tion. 

Alterative — A medicine changing the func- 
tions and condition of the organs of the body. 

Amaurosis — Partial or total loss of vision 
from paralysis of the retina. 

Amputation — The operation in surgery of 
cutting off a limb. 

Anaemia — Poverty of the blood as opposed 
to plethora. Too few red corpuscles and two 
many white corpuscles in the blood. 

Anasarca — Dropsical swellings as of the 
limbs, abdomen, chest, etc*. 

Aneurism — Dilatation of an artery produc- 
ing a tumor; lesion of an artery; dilatation of 
the heart. 

Analysis — Separation into parts; resolving 
into the original elements. 

Anatomy — The art of dissecting, or separa- 
tion of the different parts of the body. The 
science of the structure of the body, as learn- 
ed by dissection. 

Anchylosis — The stiffening or rendering 
rigid a joint. 

Anaesthetics — Agents which deprive of sen- 
sation and suffering, as chloroform, ether, etc. 

Anodyne — A medicine to allay or diminish 
pain. 

Antacid — Opposed to or an antidote to 
acids. 

Antagonism — Opposed in action; one con- 
tradicting another. 

Anterior — Before; in front of another part. 

Anthelmintic — Medicine to kill or expel 
worms. 

Antidote — That which counteracts hurtful 
or noxious substances. A remedy to counter- 
act the effects of poison. 



12,000 Feeds for 25c— Leithhead's Poultry Powders. 



82 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



Antiperiodic — Mediciue to arrest or retard 
tlic return of a paroxysm in periodic disease. 

Antiseptic — Ajjents for preventing, arrest- 
ing or rt'tardijig putrefaction. 

Anus — The fundament, or lower portion of 
the l>o\veI at the tail. 

Aperient — Laxative medicine; that which 
gently operates on the bowels. 

Aphtha — Ulceration of the mough, begin- 
ning with minute vesicles and ending in white 
sloughs. 

Apoplexy — Sudden effusion of blood into 
the sul).-.tance of other organs or tissues. 

Aqueous — Watery; having the property of 
water, as watery matter, aqueous pus. 

Aromatic — Strong smelling stimulants, giv- 
en to dispel wind and relieve pain. 

Artery — Blood vessels which carry the red 
blood from the heart. 

Articulate — .Joining, working together or up- 
on one another, as the l)ones. 

Asthma — A disease attended with difficulty 
of breathing, and a sensation producing wheez- 
ing, coughing and other distressing symptoms. 

Asphyxia — Death from strangulation of the 
lungs, from want of air. 

Assimilate — To make like another; assimi- 
lation of food in the nutrition of the body. 

Astringent — That which causes contraction 
of the bowels or vital structures. Astringents 
are medicines which suppress discharges, aa 
from the Iwwels, blood, mucus. 

Attenuate — To draw out. to make thin, re- 
duce ill size. 

Atrophy — Wasting of a part, as the muscles. 

Atony — T'.eneral weakness, want of tone. 

Augment — To increase. 

Auricle — The external part of the ear; also 
part> of the heart, one on each side resembling 
ears. 

Balk — To refuse to pull, or to refuse to go 
forward at command. 

Bars — (Of the hoof). The two ridges of 
horn, passing from the heels of the hoof to- 
ward the toe of the frong. (Of the mouth.) 
The transverse ridges on the roof of the 
mouth of the horse. 

Base — The lower part, as the base of the 
brain; the foundation. 

Biliary — lielonging to or pertnining to bile. 
IJiliiiry duet, a canal containing bile. 

Biology — 'Jhe doctrine of life, or of living 
iKxlies. 

Bioplasm — Tlie so called living or germinal 

!i -|ii()jiiigatiiig matter of living beings. 

Biped — Two footed. 

Bolt — To swallow the food hurriedly with- 
out proper chewing. 

Bolus — Medicines formed into a round or 
eonduicieal mass, for ease in administering, of- 



ten termed a ball. The cylindrical shape is the 
proper one. 

Boot-Buffer — A leather band, worn to pre- 
vent one foot cutting the other in traveling. 

Bets — The grub of the fly equus equi, when 
in the stomach of the horse. 

Bougie — An instrument for opening the ure- 
thra, or urinary, or other passages. 

Broxy — A term often applied to a number 
of fatal diseases of sheep, especially to a form 
of anthrax or carbuncular fever. 

Bronchia — The first two branches of the 
wind-pipe. Bronchitis is an inflammation of 
the bronchia. 

Cadaverous — Having the ' appearance of a 
dead body. 

Caesarian Operation — To cut into the womb 
by ^the way of the abdomen, when natural 
delivery cannot be accomplished. 

Calcareous — Containing lime, lime-like. 

Calculus — Any hard, solid concretion found 
in any part of the body, as stone in the blad- 
der, gall-stones, etc. 

Calefacient — Anything producing warmth. 

Calks, or Calkins — The heel of the horse- 
shoe when turned down to prevent slipping. 

Callous — Induration; a hard deposit; ex- 
cess of bony matter. 

Canal — A tube or passage — as the alimen- 
tary canal, (throat), tympanic canal, etc. 

Cancer — A hard, unequal, ulcerating tumor, 
which usually proves fatal. 

Canine Teeth — The teeth between the lat- 
ernl incisors and the small molars of the jaw. 

Canker — Eroding ulcers of ths mouth; viru- 
lent, corroding ulcers. Any sore which eats 
or corrodes. 

Cannon-Bone — The shank, or bone below the 
knee or hock. The metacarpal or metatarsal 
bone of the horse. 

Canula — \ hollow tube of metal or other 
substiuice. variously tised in surgery. 

Capillary — Hair-like; applied to the minute 
raniifif-ntions of the blood vessels. 

Capped Hock — .\ swelling on the points of 
the book of the horse. 

Capsular Ligaments — Ligaments surrounding 
the joints. 

Capsule — A membranous bag or sac. 

Carbon — Woody matter. Charcoal is impure 
carbon; the diamond is pure carbon. Carbonic 
acid is expelled from the lungs in the act of 
breathing. Carbonic oxyde in the blood or 
lungs is fatal to life. 

Cardia — The superior or ocsophagal orifice 
of the stomach; and of the heart. 

Caries — TTlceration of the substance of the 
bones. 

Carminatives — Warming, stimuhmt, aro- 
matic medicines, used in colic nn<l wind. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A 



GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND OTHER NAMES. 



83 



Carotid Canal — A canal in the temporal 
bone, through which the carotid artery, and 
also some nervous filaments pass. 

Cartilage — Gristle; the substance covering 
the ends of bones, moving and working upon 
each other. 

Caseine — The nitrogenized constituent of 
milk. Blood fibrin and albumen is identical 
in composition. 

Caistrate — To geld, emasculate, deprive of 
the testicles. 

Cataplasm — A poultice, either medicated or 
not. It sometimes takes name from the special 
agent employed, as sinapism, a mustard poul- 
tice. 

Catarrh — A cold attended with running of 
the nose. 

Cataract — An opacity of the crystaline lens 
of the eye, causing partial or total blindness. 

Cathartic — Purgative medicine, used for free- 
ly opening the bowels. 

Catheter — An instrument used for drawing 
the water from the bladder, and for other pur- 
poses. 

Caustic — Any burning agent, as potash, ni- 
trate of silver. To cauterize is to bum, gen- 
erally applied to the \ise of the hot iron in 
diseases. 

Cavity — A depression, as the cavity of a 
wound. 

Cellular tissue — The membrane or tissue 
which invests every fiber of the body, compos- 
ed of minute cells communicating with each 
other, and which serve as reservoirs of fat. 

Cephalic — Pertaining to the head. 

Cerebral — Pertaining to the brain. 

Cervical — The neck; belonging to the neck. 

Chalybeate — ^Containing iron. Any medicine 
of which iron forms a part. 

Cholagogue — ^Medicines to increase the se- 
cretion of the bile. 

Cholechloride — A medicine which increases 
the evacuation of the bile. 

Chole— The bile. 

Chronic — A lingering, long-standing disease, 
succeeding the acute stage. A seated, perma- 
nent disease. 

Chyle — The milky liquid, as taken from the 
food during digestion, and prepared from the 
chyme, and ready to be absorbed by the lac- 
teal vessels before being poured forth into the 
blood. 

Chyme — The food modified and prepared by 
the action of the stomach. 

Circumlscribed — Limited. In pathology ap- 
plied to tumors distinct at their base from the 
surrounding part. 

Circulation — The vital action which sends 
the blood through the arteries, and back again 
through the veins to the heart. 



Clyster — Liquid medicine injected into the 
lower intestine. 

Coagulate— To clot, as the blood when 
drawn. 

Coition — The act of copulation; union of 
the sexes. 

Colic — Acute pain in the abdomen, intensi- 
fied at intervals. 

Collapse — A falling together. A closing of 
the vessels. Extreme depression of the vital 
powers. 

Colon — The largest of the intestines, or more 
properly, the largest division of the intestinal 
canal. 

Coma — Lethargy. Drowsiness produced by 
depression of the brain and other causes. 

Comatose — Constant propensity to sleep. 

Constipation — A state of the bowels in which 
the evacuations are unnaturally hard. A stop- 
page of the evacuation of the bowels. 

Convalescent — Keturning to health after 
sickness. 

Conception — Fecundation by action of the 
male. 

Congenital — Born with another; of the same 
birth. Belonging to the individual from birth. 

Congestion — An accumulation of clogged 
blood in the vessels, or in the parts, as the 
lungs, brain, etc. 

Constrict — Drawing or binding together, as 
constriction of the muscles of a part. 

Contagions — A disease that may be com- 
municated by contact, or the matter communi- 
cated, or proceeding from the breath or ema- 
nations of the body. 

Contorted — Twisted, twisting, writhing, as 
the body in pain, or from the result of dis- 
ease. 

Contusion — A bruise; a wound made by a 
blow or bruise. 

Concretion — Adherence of parts naturally 
separate. In chemistry, condensation of fluids 
or other substances into more solid matter. 

Condiment — ^^Substances used to improve or 
heighten the flavor of food. 

Confluent — Running together, as in pimples 
or pustles when they become confluent. 

Copious — Plentiful, abundant, as a copious 
discharge. 

Core — The hard portion of purulent matter, 
as in boils. 

Corn — A diseased portion of the foot, — in 
the horse, between the bar and the quarter, us- 
ually on the inside. 

Coronet — The upper part of the hoof, just 
where it joins the skin. 

Corrosive — That which eats away, destroy- 
ing the texture of the living body. 

Corrugation — Contracting the skin into 
wrinkles. 



Fifty Pounds Meat by Using a 50c Paci<age LeithFiead's Stock Food. 



84 



HOW TO SAVK HORSE Kl.ESH. 



Counter Irritation — An application to irri- 
tate one part to relieve pain in another. A 
blister or mustard poultice produces loiinter ir- 
ritation. 

Cow-Pox — Peculiar pustules upon the teats 
of cows, from which the vacine matter is ob- 
tained, used to prevent contagion from small- 
pox, or to mitigate the intensity of the dis- 
ease. 

Cranium — The skull. Cranial: Pertaining 
to tho skull. 

Cribbing (of Horses) — The act of seizing any 
hard substance, or pressing thereon with the 
teeth, and gulping; sometimes called wind 
sucking, though the latter is not necessarily 
cril>bing. 

Crisis — In disease, that point or period which 
determines a favorable or unfavorable termin- 
ation. 

Crupper — The buttocks of a horse. 

Crural — Pertaining to the legs, as the crural 
artcrios and veins. 

Crust — The hoof, so called. The outside 
laminae of the hoof. 

Crusta — A scab. 

Curb — A soft swelling, becoming hard, situ- 
aLinl on the back part of the hind leg, just be- 
low the point of the hock. 

Cuticle — The epidermis or scurf skin. The 
skin is composed of the cutis vera, reta muca- 
sum and cuticnla. 

Cutaneous — Of the skin, as a cutaneous af- 
fection. 

Cyst, Cystis — A small bladder or sac? allied 
to those containing morbid matter or parasites, 
which become encysted, or inclosed in an en- 
velop. 

Cystic Duct — The duct which proceeds from 
tlie gal! bladder, uniting with the hepatic duct. 

Cystitis — Inflammation of the bladder. Cy- 
loplegia is paralysis of the bladder. 

Debility — The condition of weakness or 
fc(.-))leiioss. 

Degenerate — To become worse or inferior. 

Deleterious — Injurious, poisonous or destruc- 

11 Vf. 

Delirium — hisanity; a wandering of mind 
in disease. 

Depilitory — Any agent or thing which causes 
t he loss of the hair. 

Dermal — Belonging to the skin. 

Detergents — Medicines having the power of 
ilc;insin^' the vessels or skin. 

Diabetes — An excessive flow of urine con- 
taining saccharine matter. 

Diagnosis — The distinguishing of one disease 
from another. 



Diaphoretic — A medicine which causes pres- 
piration or sweating. 

Diaphragm — The midriff. The membrane, 
or broad muscle, which divides the thorax or 
chest from the abdomen or belly. 

Diarrhoea — A c-ontinued and profuse dis- 
cliarge from the lx)wels. 

Diet — Any kind of food or drink. Dietary: 
a regulated allowance of food. 

Digestion — The separation and dissolving of 
the food in the stomach. Digestive ointment 
has the power of resolving tumors. 

Dilate — to open wide, as dilation of the 
eye. 

Dilatation — The expanding of a body, as of 
the heart, arteries, the bladder, etc., from over- 
fullness. 

Diminution — A lessening, or decreasing, a« 
of pain, etc. 

Disinfectant — An agent capable of neutral- 
izing morbific effluvia, or the cause of infec- 
tion. 

Dislocation — Putting out of joint. 

Dissection — Exposing the different parts of 
a dead body, that their arrangement and struc- 
ture may be studied. 

Distorted — Deformed, crooked, out of the 
natural shape. 

Distend — To stretch out, or swell. 

Diuretic — A medicine to increase the flow 
of urine. 

Dorsal — Pertaining to the back. The dorsal 
column : the back-lx)ne. 

Drachm — The eighth part of an ounce. 

Drastic — Powerfully acting medicines or poi- 
sons. 

Drench — Liiiuid medicine given by the 
mouth. 

Duct — A tube for conveying a fluid or the 
secretions of the glands. 

Duodenum — The first portion of the small 
intestine, through which the bile is poured. 

Dysentery — Inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the large intestines, producing 
mucous or blood evacuation. 

Dyspepsia — i^erious derangement of the di- 
gestive functions. 

Dysphagia — Difficulty of breathing. 

Dysuria — Painful and incomplete passage of 
urine. 

Ecbolics, Parturients — .\gents causing the 
contraction of the womb. 

Ectozoon — Parasites, as lice, infesting the 
surface of the body. 

Eczema — Small pustules crowded together, 
not contagious, but producing a smarting pain. 

Effluvia — Morliid exhalations of the body; 
sometimes applied to animal and vegetable 
odors. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND OTHER NAMES. 



85 



Effusion — ^A flowing out, as of the blood, 
wat^r or lympli, into the tissues. 

Elephantiasis — ^Chronic lymphangitis, by 
whieh the limb is enlarged, resembling the leg 
of an elephant. 

Embryo — The impregnated ovum in the 
womb, after growth has commenced. 

Emetic — A medicine given to produce vom- 
iting." 

Emollients— Agents which have the power 
of softening or relaxing. 

Enamel — -The hard outer covering of the 
teeth. 

Enema — Medicines given by injection into 
the bowels. 

Engorgement — In animals, vascular conges- 
tion, the result of over-feeding. 

Entozoa — Parasites within the body. 

Enteric — Belonging to the bowels. 

Enteritis — ^Inflammation of the bowels. 

Epizootic — Contagious disease, attacking 
large numbers of horses at one time. Applied 
to catarrhal fever in influenza, which spreads 
rapidly. 

Equine — Belonging to the horse. 

Esophagus — The gullet, or tube of the 
throat which conveys food to the stomach. 

Evacuate — To empty or pass out, as to 
evacuate the bowels. 

Excrement — Refuse matter. The dung. 

Excrescence — ^Unnatiu-al or superfluous 
growth. 

Exhale — Breathing out, evaporation. 

Extensor-tendon — The tendons whieh stretch 
out the limbs. 

Extirpation — The complete removal of a 
part by means of the knife. 

Extravasate — To let out of the proper ves- 
sels, as blood after the rupture of a blood- 
vessel. 

Extremities — The limbs. 

Exudation — A sweating, or passing out of a 
liquid through the Avails of membranes con- 
taining it. 

Faeces — The excrement. 

Farcy — A disease of the lymphatics of the 
skin of the horse. Also, a disease allied to 
glanders. 

Febrifuge — A medicine to lower the temper- 
ature of the body, and counteract fever. 

Fermentation — Incipient decomposition of 
vegetable substances, from souring. 

Fester — To suppurate, and discharge cor- 
rupt matter. 

Fetid — Having an offensive odor. 

Fissure — An opening, a crack. 

Fistula — A deep, narrow ulcer, having a 
passage leading to it. 

Fistulous — Resembling a fistula, either in 
form or nature. 



Flanks — That part of the horse between the 
false ribs, hips and stifle. 

Flatulent — Affected with, or caused by, the 
generation of gas, or wind in the stomach and 
intestines, as flatulent colic. 

Foetus — The young yet unborn. 

Fomentation — The application of warmth, 
and moisture, as with a liquid or poultice. 

Forceps — Long pointed pincers or nippers.. 

Fracture — The breaking of a bone. 

Friction — Exciting cii'culation by rubbing". 

Fumigate — The application of smoke or 
vapor. 

Function — The office or duty of any part of 
the body. 

Fungus — An unnatural growth resembling 
mushrooms. 

Gall — The fluid contained in the gall-blad- 
der, consisting, principally of the bile secret- 
ed by the liver. 

Ganglion — A collection or bunch of nerve 
fibers, causing the enlargement of a nerve, 
and resembling a knot. 

Gangrene — ^The mortification or death of any 
part of the body, or of any of its tissues. 

Gastric- — Pertaining to the stomach. 

Gastritis — Inflammation of the stomach. 

Gestation — The condition of pregnacy, or be- 
ing with young. 

Gland — A structure for secreting certain 
fluids of the body, and containing a tube. 

Glanders — An exceedingly contagious dis- 
ease, which is incurable and fatal. 

Gleet — Thin matter issuing from an ulcer. 
In horses, applied to nasal gleet exclusively. 

Glottis — The narroAV opening at the top of 
the windpipe. 

Granulate — To grow or develop in the form 
of grains, as new flesh in the healing of 
wounds. 

Gravel — ^Calculous matter found in the kid- 
neys. 

Gullet — The oesophagus, or food pipe lead- 
ing to the stomach. 

Haunch— That part of the body which lies 
between the last ribs and the thigh. In the 
horse, the bony region of the hips. 

Hemorrhage — A discharge of blood from the 
vessels containing it. 

Hepatic — Belonging to the liver. 

Hepatitis— Inflammation of the liver. 

Hereditary — Inbred from the parents, as dis- 
ease, color, vices, and other peculiarities. 

Hermaphrodite — Possessing the attributes of 
both sexes, in a greater or lesser degree; being 
of, or including both sexes. Said of animals, 
plants or flowers. 

Hernia— Rupture, or soft tumor formed by 



Three Feeds for One Cent— Leithhead's Stock Food. 



86 



HOW TO SAVE HOKSE KLESH. 



lie protrusion of any of llie viscera of the 
il>doinon. 

Homogeneous — Being of the same kind or 
|iuility throughout. 

Humor — Any fluid of the body, excepting 
I he blood. 

Humerus — The upper arm-bone; upper bone 
>f tlie fore-leg. 

Hybrid — The offspring of two different spe- 
cies of animals, as of the horse and ass (the 
inule.) 

Hydragogue — A medicine which removes ef- 
usod fluids from the system. 

Hydrocephalus — Water in (dropsy of) the 
head. 

Hypertrophy — Excessive growth. 

Hypodermic — Beneath the skin. Used prin- 
ipally of medicines — as morphia, etc. — applied 
t)}' injection under the skin. 

Hysterics — A nervous disability, mostly 
miong females. 

Impotence — Inability to perform the sexual 
function. 

Impregnation — The act of rendering, or 
-tate of being, pregnant. 

Incision — Cutting into; a clean cut; cutting, 
i-i in any operation performed. 

Incontinence — Inability to retain the nat- 
ural evacuations. 

Induration — The hardening of a part from 
t he effects of disease. 

Incisors— The front teeth of the jaws. 

Infection-Communication of disease by 
miasiiui or emanations from a diseased body. 

Influenza — An epidemic disease, causing gen- 
ial depression, with fever. 

Inhalation — A drawing into the lungs; the 
inbreatliing of medicated or poisonous fumes. 

Inject — To throw in artificially, as from a 
-yringe. 

Injection — Liquid medicine thrown into a 
M;itural or artificial cavity. 

Inoculation — The production of di?*ease by 
vim-; or m;itter from a sore, communicated 
from one animal to another. 

Integument — 'i'he covering which invests the 
l»ody (the skin), or a membrane covering any 
particular part of it. 

Intermittent — In fevers, a characteristic by 
which the paroxysms intermit or cease, return- 
ing at regular or nearly regular, intervals. 

Intestines — 'i'he bowels. The alimentary 
ranal, leading from the stomach to the anus. 

Invigorators — Strengthening medicines, or 
iL'enlH. 

Iris — The circular membrane of the eye 
lloating in the afpieoas humor, and perforated 
Id form the pupil. 

Isomeric — Composed of the same elements 



in the same proportions, but chemically and 
physically different. 

Jaundice — A diseased condition resulting 
from derangement of the liver, and character- 
ized by great lassitude, and by yellowness of 
the eyes, skin and urine. 

Jugular — The large vein of the neck. 

Lacerate — To tear. A lacerated wound is a 
torn \\ound. 

Lachrymal — Pertaining to the tears. The 
lachrymal duct is the duct leading from the 
eye to the membrane of the nose. 

Lactation — The act of giving suck, or time 
of suckling. 

Lamella — A thin plate or scale of anything; 
pertaining to the anatomy of the hoof. 

Laminitis — Founder; a disease consisting of 
inflammation of the parts between the pedal 
or coffin bone and the sensitive laminae. 

Languor — Weakness, faintness. debility. 

Laryngitis — Inflammation of the larynx. 

Larynx — The swell at the upper part of the 
wind-pipe, and extending into the throat. 

Lateral — At or to one side. 

Laxative — A medicine which gently opens 
the bowels. 

Lens — In oculary aiuitomy, a portion of the 
eye situated immediately back of the cornea. 

Ligaments — The bands of the joints binding 
them strongly together. 

Ligature — Silk or flax thread, or any mater- 
ial suitable for tying arteries. A bandage used 
in the opci.vtion of bleeding. 

Liniment — A fluid medicine employed exter- 
nally and with friction. 

Liquefaction — The act or process of reduc- 
ing a solid substance to a liquid form. 

Liver — The largest gland of the body, its 
officing being to secrete the bile. 

Lobe — A round projecting part of the organ. 

Local — Ckjnfined to a certain part or dis- 
trict. 

Lotion — A fluid applied externally, usually 
by means of a cloth kept constantly wet 
therewith. 

Lubricate — To moisten, as the lubrication of 
the joints and moving parts by their appro- 
priate fluids. 

Lumbago — Rheumatism of the lumber re- 
gion. 

Lymph— .\ transparent and nearly colorless 
fluid. The fluid contained in. and poured out 
by, the lymphatics. 

Lymphatics — The vessels of animal bo<lies 
which e<nitain the lymph. 

Malaria — Infectious and noxious effluvia, 
from (locomposing animal or vegetable matter. 

Malformation — Badly or unnaturally shaped 
or formed. 



i 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH. U. S A. 



GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND OTHER NAMES. 



87 



Malignant — Severe; long; dangerous disease. 

Mammal — Having an udder teats for suckl- 
ing the young. 

Mammary Glandis — The glands which secrete 
the milk. 

Mange — A contagious disease caused by the 
presence of acari in the skin. 

Marrow — The fatty substance in the hollow 
of cylindrical bones. 

Mastication — The act of chewing the food. 

Membrane — A thin animal tissue. The thin 
covering of the brain, bones and other or- 
gans. 

Milk Fever — A fever preceding or accom- 
panying the secretion of milk. 

Morbid — A state of disease; the product or 
result of an unnatural state, as morbid hum- 
ors ; a failing, sinking state. 

Mortification — The death of a part from 
gangrene. 

Motor — That which causes, or is the instru- 
ment of, movement; as, the motor muscles. 

Mucus — The substance secreted by the mu- 
cous membranes, and effused upon the surfaces 
of the membranes, as the running of the nose 
in a cold. 

Muscles — The organs of motion. The volun- 
tary muscles constitute the lean meat, or flesh 
of animals. 

Muscular Fiber — Fibers composing the body 
of a muscle, disposed in distinct bundles. 

Nasal — Pertaining to the nose. 

Necrosis — Death of a bone, or of a portion 
of bone. 

Nephritis — ^Inflammation of the kidneys. 

Nerves — The fibrous system which conveys 
sensations to the brain and through the body. 

Nervous — ^Having weak nerves. 

Neuralgia— A painful disease, or affection 
of. one or some of the nerves. 

Neurotomy — The cutting or division of a 
nerve. 

Neutralize — To destroy the force or effect 
of anything. 

Obesity — Exceeding fatness. 

Obliteration — Alteration in the appearance 
or function of a part preventing its action. 

Occult— Hidden. Applied to diseases whose 
causes or successful treatment are not under- 
stood. 

Ocular, Oculary — Relating to the eyes. 

Opacity — Want of transparency; that qual- 
ity of bodies by virtue of which they cannot 
transmit rays of light. 

Optic — Relating to the sight, as the optic 
nerve; relating to the laws of vision. 

Orbit — ^In ocular anatomy, the bony cavity 
in which the eve is situated. 



Organ — The natural instrument by which 
a process of function is carried on. 

Organic — Composed of, or pertaining to, an 
organ or its functions; dependent on, or result- 
ing from, organism. 

Orifice — The mouth or entrance to any cav- 
ity of the body. 

Os — The technical name for bone. 

Os Calais — The tip of the back. 

Osiseous — Bony, or resembling bone. 

Os Cheocele — Scrotal hernia. Any tumor of 
the hernia. 

Ossification — ^Changing to bone. Bony form- 
ation. 

Osteo Sarcoma — A fleshy, cartilaginous 
mass, growing within a bone, enlarging and 
sometimes fracturing it. 

Ovariotomy — The art or operation of remov- 
ing the ovaries from the female animal; spray- 
ing — analogous to the gelding of the male. 

Ovaries — The organs connected with the ute- 
rus that mature and give off the ova (eggs) 
which, when impregnated, produ-ce the foetus. 

Ovule — The impregnated germ or egg. 

Palate — The roof of the mouth. 

Palpitation — A rapid, thumping movement 
of the heart, from mental excitement or from 
disease. 

Panacea — A supposed universal cure. A 
medicine applicable to many cases. 

Pancreas — The narrow, flat gland extending 
across the abdomen, sometimes called the 
sweet-bread. 

Paralysis — An affection impairing or de- 
stroying the natural function, and especially 
the voluntary movement, of a part; in popu- 
lar usage, the palsy. 

Parotid — ^ISTear the ear. Parotid gland i The 
largest of the salivary glands. 

Parturition — The act of bringing forth 
young. 

Patella — The knee-pan. 

Paunch — The first stomach of rumination 
animals. 

Pelvis — That part of the trunk bounding the 
abdomen, containing a part of the intestines, 
and the internal urinary and genital organs. 

Penis — The exterior male organ of urina- 
tion, and of the passage of the semen. 

Peritoneum — The serous membrane lining 
the cavity of the abdomen. 

Peritonitis — Inflammation of the periton- 
eum. 

Pharynx — The opening or tube at the back 
part of the mouth which loads to the stomach. 

Phthisis — Consumption. 

Piles — A disease consisting of chronic dila- 
tion or small tumours of the blood-vessels im- 
mediately about the rmns. and attended Avith 
more or less pain. 



Leithhead's Hoof Ointment will Cure Cracked Hoofs. 



88 



HOW TO SAVE HORSE FLESH. 



the 



Placenta — The membrane covering 
\ouii^' in tlie womb; the after-birth.. 

Plethora— A full habit of body. Full of 
li!o«vl. 

Pleura — The serous membrane lining the in- 
terior of the ehest, anil covering the lungs, 
which it lubricates with its secretions. 

Pneumonia — Inflammation of the lungs. 

Poison — Any substance, animal, vegetable or 
mineral, which applied externally or taken in- 
ternally, causes either death or serious hurtful 
changes. Poisons are classified as irritant, nar- 
cotic, sedative, acronarcotic, and acro-sedative. 

Poll-evil — A chronic, suppuration abscess, on 
the summit of a horse's head, around the at- 
tachments of the cervical ligaments. 

Polypus — A tumor" with narrow base, in the 
nostrils, uterus, vagina, etc. 

Post-mortem— Tjterally, after death. The 
examination of a dead body. 

Predisposed — Prepared or fitted for before- 
hand; inclined to; as, being predisposed to dis- 
ease. 

Probang — A flexible, knobbed instrument, 
for pressing into the stomach food or other 
substance which may have lodged in the 
throat. 

Profuse — Abundant, plentiful; as, a profuse 
discharge. 

Prognosis — The act or art of judging by the 
symptoms the probable course of a disease. 

Pr'clapsus uteri — Falling of the womb. 

Prclapus recti — Falling of the rectum. 

Proud flesh — .\ fungous growth on an ulcer, 
or an excrescence of flesh in a wound from 
excessive granulation. 

Pulmonary — Pertaining to. or affecting the 
lungs. 

Pulsation — A beating or throbbing of the 
heart or arterie-s. 

Pulse — The action or beat of the arteries. 

Pumices — The letting down or falling of the 
coffin bone on the sole. 

Puncture — Any orifice made with a pointed 
instruMiciit. 

Pupil — The l>all or apple of the eye. thi'ough 
which the rays of light pnss to crystalling 
humors. 

Purgative — .\ny medicine having the power 
of operation strongly on the bowels. 

Pus — The matter discharged from a tumor 
when lanced, or from sores. Healthy pus is 
yellowish white in color, and is always secret- 
ed in the process of healing. 

Putrefaction — The process of decomposition; 
state of corruption; rottenness. 

Pylorus — The lower orifice of the stomach 
on its right side, through whfch the food 
passes to the intestines. . 



Quitter — An ulcerous formation, resembling 
fistula, inside a horse's foot. 

Rabies — Madness ; hydrophobia 

Ranchitis — Inflammation of the spine, rick- 
ets. The latter word is probably a corruption 
of rachitis. 

Ramify — Branched; running in various di« 
rections. 

Rash — .\n eruption of the skin. 

Rectum — The last intestine. The anal gut 

Refrigerants — [Medicines or lotions to di- 
minish heat. 

Relax — To abate; to become more mild, oi 
less vigorous. 

Remittent — Ceasing for a time, as a fever oi 
a pain. 

Reproduction — The act or process of repro- 
ducing the young; breeding 

Resolvent — A substance or medicine that 
will scatter inflammatory or other tumors, an<i 
prevent their suppuration. 

Respiration — The act of breathing 

Respiratory mumur — The murmur which 
when the ear of stethoscope is applied to the 
chest, is heard in the lungs, and attending th« 
act of breathing 

Retention — A stopping or withholding, a^ 
retention of the urine 

Retina — The expansion of the optic nervt 
in the back pnrt of the eye, on which the im 
age is produced, in the act of seeing, or visioa 

Repulsion — In physics, that power by whicl 
particles or bodies are made to recede f rom i 
each other. 

Rickets — A certain diseased state of th« 
bones in children. > 

Rigidity — Stiffness ; inflexibility 

Ringbone — Exostosis, or formation of bonj 
matter, on the coronet bone and pastern Jxin 
of a horse's foot. 

Roaring — A disease or constriction of th 
wind -pipe, producing a roaring noise in the ex- 
pulsion of the breath. 

Rumination — The act or habit of chewing 
the cud. 

Rupture — The net of breaking or bursting, 
or the state resulting therefrom. The commoi 
name for hernia 

Saline — Containing salt in solution; tastinj 
saltish 

Saliva — The secretion of the salivary gland^ 
which moistens the food in chewing, and als^ 
keeps the mouth and tongue moist 

Salivation — .\ii excessive secretion of salivi^ 
\^^life clover will sometimes produce it il 
horses, or it may be produced by eertflin medi> 
fines, especially calomel. 

Sanguine — Full of blood, ,\l)ounding witl 
blootl. 

J 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO.. DULUTH. U. S. A. 



L (fC. 



1 



GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND OTHER NAMES. 



Sanguinification — Tlie process of producing 
blood from chyle. 

Sanitary — Relating to the preservation of 
health; tending to health. 

Saturate — To soak so full of liquid or fumes 
that no more can be held. 

Scab — The incrustation on a sore. A ver- 
minous disease of sheep. 

Scapula — The shoulder-blade. 

Sclerotic — The thick, hard, white outer coat 
.of the eye. 

Sciatica — A rheumatic or neuralgic affection 
of the hip. 

Secretion — ^The separation of various sub- 
stances from the blood. 

Sedatives — ^Soothing medicines; remedies to 
depress nervous power, or lower circulation. 

Semen — The male generative product secret- 
ed in the testicles. 

Sensitive — Having feeling. Sensitive lamel- 
lae: lamellae of the coffin-bone. 

Septic — Causing or hastening putrefaction. 
Antiseptic; arresting putrefaction. 

Serum — The yellowish, watery portion of 
the blood remaining after coagulation. 

Seton — An artificial passage made under the 
skin, by means of a seton needle, and kept open 
with tape, silk or the like, which is thereby 
drawn in, and is moved backward and forward 
daily, to keep up irritation, with a view to re- 
ducing inflammation elsewhere. 

Shank — The bone of the leg from the knee 
to the ankle. 

Skin — The covering of the body, and the or- 
gan of touch. It is composed of the scarf skin 
(cuticle), the middle (reta mucosum), and the 
inner or true skin (derma). 

Slough (pronuonced sluff) — To fall away, 
separate from, as in disease, or in moritified 
parts. 

Socket — The depression or process in which 
one organ works on another. 

Soporific — A medicine to induce sleep. 

Spasm — A sudden involuntary contraction 
of the muscles; a convulsion. 

Spasmodic — Characterized by spasms, as 
cramping, fits, etc.; recurring at intervals, as 
colic pains, etc. 

Spavin — A swelling in or near some of the 
joints of a horse's leg. It is of two kinds. 
Bone Spavin is a bony growth (exostosis) in 
the region of the hock. Bog Spavin, incorrect- 
ly called blood spavin, is situated between the 
tibia and astragulus. 

Spinal — Relating to the spine, or back-bone. 

Splint — An excrescence in the shank-bone of 
a horse. Splint-bone; one of the bones of a 
horse's leg. 

Spleen — A livid colored ' organ, the office of 
which is not yet well known. 



Spontaneous — Occurring witliout any appar- 
ent cause from without. 

Sporadic — ^Separated, scattered; occurring 
here and there, as sporadic cases of disease. 

Sterile — Barren. Not capable of producing 
young. 

Sternum — The breast-bone, situated in the 
fore part of the thorax 

Stimulants — Medicines to temporarily excite 
the nervous or circulatory systems. 

Stomachics — Agents to promote digestion. 

Strangles — An eruptive fever attended with 
inflammation and suppuration of the tissue of 
the upper part of the throat; called in the 
United States, distemper. 

Strangulated — Choked; having the circula- 
tion stopped in any part. 

Strangury — Stopping of a passage. 

Stricture — Stoppage or obstruction of a 
passage of the body, by morbid or spasmodic 
action. 

Stupor — A dull, sleepy, stupid condition. 
Loss of sensation. 

Styptic — A powerful astringent for restrain- 
ing or stopping bleeding. 

Sudorific — That which will cause perspira- 
tion or sweating. 

Suppuration — The process of forming pus or 
matter; the result of inflammation in an ab- 
cess or wound. 

Suture — A stitch or fastening on joining to- 
gether. The seam of joint which unites the 
bones of the skull. 

Synovia — A fluid resembling the white of an 
egg, secreted at the joints and articulations, 
which it lubricates and keeps in healthful con- 
dition. Joint-oil, so called. 

Taenia — Literally, fillet or band. The 
scientific name of the tape-worm. 

Tarsus — The cartilage towards the edge of 
each eyelid, giving it shape and firmness. That 
part of the human foot Avith which the leg 
joins, and whose front is called the instep. The 
hock joint of the horse. 

Tendon — The dense, fibrous structure in 
which a muscle ends, and by which it is joined 
to a bone. 

Tent — A pledget or plug introduced into a 
wound. 

Testicle — The male gland containing the 
seminal fluid. 

Tetanus — A disease in which the muscles of 
voluntary motion are spasmodically but per- 
sistently contracted, causing rigidty of the 
parts affected. When in the face it is called 
lock-jaw or trismus. 

Thorax — The chest, or that part of the body 
between the neck and abdomen. 

Thorough-pin — A bursal enlargement of the 
upper and back part of the hock of a hoi'se. 



Tape Worms in Cattle are Killed with Leithhead's Worm Powder. 



go 



HOW TO SAVE HORSK FI.KSH. 



Thrush — Ulcenition of the cleft of the frog, 
and oxtenilinp ovor the whole of it, with a 
disclinrgc of fetid matter. 

Tibia — The large lx)nc of the hind leg of 
tlie horse, etc. 

Tonics — Agents which gradually and per- 
manently improve the system. 

Tonsil — An oblong glanJ situated on each 
side of the fauces, terminated by the larynx 
and pharynx, at the rear of the mouth and 
having execretor}' ducts opening into the 
mouth. 

Torsion — The act of turning or twisting, as 
in drawing a tooth with the turnkey. 

Trachea — The windpipe. 

Tractile — That which may be drawn out. 

Trichina Spiralis — A minute entozoon (para- 
sitic mite), which burrows in the muscles, and 
which, before becoming encysted, sometimes 
causes the death of the animal. They are 
principally generated in swine, fowls, rats and 
other omnivorous feeders. 

Tuber — A rounded projection, especially of 
a bone. 

Tubercle — A small tumor, as tubercles in 
the lungs. ' 

Tumor — A swelling or enlargement, general- 
ly applied to those which are permanent. 

Ulcer — A running sore. 

Urea — The principal characteristic constit- 
uent of urine. Tt is white, transparent and 
crystallizable. 

Urinary — Pertaining to the urine. 

Urine — The saline secretion of the kidneys. 

Uterus — The womb. 

Vagina — The canal, in female animals, from 
the vulva to uterus. 

Varicose Veins — Veins, most commonly in 
the ]f'^^. which are permanently dilated, knot- 
ted and irregular. 

Vascular — Pertaining to the vessels of .ani- 
mal and vegetable bodies, as the vascular func- 
tions. The arteries, veins, lacteals. and the 
like, compose the vascular system. Animal 
flesh is vascular. 

Venesection — T^etting blood by opening a 
vein . 

Venous — Pertaining to the veins, or contain- 
ed in llic vein. 

Ventral — Pertaining to the abdomen or 
belly. 

Ventricose — .\ swelletl appearance, making 
the object look bellied. 

Vermifuge — A medicine or agent to kill or 
expo! worms. 

Vertebra — \ division or separate bone of the 
spina] fohiinn. 

Vertex — The lop of tlu' bead. 

Vertigo — Dizziness. An indication of pleth- 
ora, or, freipicntly. a symptom of some dis- 



ease. 

Vesicle — .\ small blister. Any membranoi 
cavity. 

Veterinarian — One skilled in (and, usuallj 
legally qualified for) the treatment of the dia 
eases of the horse, cattle and other domesti 
animals. 

Veterinary — Pertaining to the diseases 
domestic animals, and treatment of the same 
connected with the duties or art of the veteri 
narian. 

Villi — Fine, small fibres. Villous: abound 
ing with minute fibres, as the inner mucou 
membrane of the stomach and intestines, call 
cd the villous coat, from its abounding wit! 
villi or minute hairs. 

Virulent — Dangerous or malignant; as, 
virulent type of disease. 

Virus — Contagious or infectious matter. 

Viscera — The organs contained in any cav 
it}- of the body, particularly of the head, thora 
and abdomen. 

Viscid — Sticky or tenacious, with a glutin 
ous consistency. 

Vision — The act or faculty of seeing; tha 
which is seen. 

Vital — Having or containing life. Necessarj 
to life. 

Volatile — Giving off vapor, or flying off ia? 
vapor. 

Vulnerary — Plants, lotions, ointments, drugs 
or other substances useful in the healing of 
wounds. 

Vulva — The outer opening in female ani 
mals. of the generative parts. 

Wane — To decrease, as in a fever. 

Warbles — Small, hard tumors on the bacH 
of a horse, from irritation of the saddle. Tum 
ors occasioned by the depositing of the eggi 
of the gadfly in the backs of horses and cat 
tie. 

Warts — Spongy excrescences on vartoua 
parts of the liody. 

Wen — A distinctly defined tumor under the 
skin, seldom hurtful. An encysted tumor. 

Whinny — To utter the call of the horse. To 
neigh. 

Windgalls — .V distension of the synovial 
membranes of a horse's fetlock joints. 

Withers — The bony crest of the shouldersj 
in a iiorse. j 

Womb — The uterus, or bag in which the 
young are carried before birth. 

Wound — A breach of the skin of flesh. Snr 
gery classifies wounds as contjised. incised, 
pimetured or poisoned. 

Wry Neck — An involuntary fixed position of 
the head towards one of the shoulders. 

Yeasty — Frothy, foamy, spumy; as, yeasty' 
pii-i or matter. 



L. W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., DULUTH, U. S. A. 



GENERAL INDEX, 



INI>EX FOR HORSES. 

Abortion 48 

Age — How to tell 7-17 

Age— How to tell 9-17 

Abcesses 35 

Apoplexy 31 

Atrophy of the Heart 31 

Back — Sprain of 30 

Big Head 31 

Bladder — Paralysis of ■ .... 35 

Bladder — Inflammation of 35 

Bladder — ^Spasm of the Neeis: 35 

Bladder — Rupture of 36 

Blindness from Paralysis 32 

Blindness — Moon 41 

Bone Ulceration 31 

Bony Tumor 32 

Bots 46 

.Brain — Inflammation of 44 

Broken Down 25 

Broken Knee 31 

Broken Ribs 31 

Bronchitis 34 

Bruises— Stone 23 

Calks 22 

Calculi 36 

Canker of the Foot 22 

Capped Hock or Elbow 26 

Carbuncle 28 

Caries 31 

. Cataract of the Eye 43 

Catarrh 39 

Cerebro Spinal Meningitis 47 

Choking 34 

Chordes 38 

Cocked Ankles 36 

Colic— Flatulent 36 

Colic — Spasmodic 36 

Congestion of the Kidneys 38 

Congestion pf the Lungs, 38 

Congestion of the Liver 40 

Contractions of the Foot 21 

Constipation 36 

Corns 18 

Cough 35 

Cracked Heels 28 

Crack — Sand 18 

Cra ck^Quarter 18 

Cramp 26 

Curb 25 

Diabetes 35 

Diarrhoea • 43 

Dislocation 28 

Dropsy 33 

Dysentery 37 

Dyspepsia 37 



Eczema 34 

Endocardium — Inflammation of 44 

Enlargement of the Heart 43 

Enteritis 37 

Epizooty 43 

Erysipelas 47 

Evil-Poll ■. ...34 

Eye— Cataract of 43 

'E^ye — Inflammation of ; 41 

Eyelids Torn 41 

False Nostril — Tumor of 35 

Feet— Diseases of 18-24 

Feet — ^Pumiced 21 

Fever— Mud 28 

Fever — Puerperal 48 

Fistulous Withers 33 

Flatulent Colic 36 

Foot — Contractions of 21 

Foot — Fractures of the Bone 23 

Fone Sheath 44 

Founder — Acute 20 

Founder — Chronic 20 

Fracture of the Bone of the Foot 23 

Fractures 26 

Fracture of the Skull 31 

Galls— Saddle and other 32 

Galls— Wind 26 

Gastritis 30 

Glanders • 31 

Gleet— Nasal 40 

Goitre •. -....34 

Gonorrhoea 43 

Gravel ....22 

Grease 27 

Gut Tie 37 

Head— Big 31 

Heart — Atrophy of 31 

Heart- — Enlargement of 43 

Heart Sack — -Inflammation of 44 

Heaves 44 

Heels— Cracked 28 

Hernia 32 

Hide Bound 32 

Hip Lameness 27 

Hydrophobia 31 

Hydrothorox 39 

Influenza 43 

Interfering 28 

Iritis 41 

Itchy Tail 32 

Itchy Skin 32 

Jaundice 41 

Jugular Vein — Inflammation of 32 

Kidneys — Congestion of 38 

Kidneys — Inflammation of ' 43 

Knee Sprung 26 



1>iiehrymal Duct- 
l,:inuMic^s — Hip 
Luecorrhoea . . 
Lice 



-Obstruction of 41 

.27 

48 

42 



Liver — Congestion of . . . 40 

Liver — Hypertrophy of 30 

Liver — Inflammation of ^ 41 

lyockjiiw 40 

T.unfrs — Congestion of 38 

Mndnoss 44 

\Tanimiti- 48 

^^an^p 4.'> 

Mcprims 40 

Molanosis 32 

Moon Blindness 41 

Mud Fever 28 

Muscles — Rupture of . . 28 

VaiKs — Prickinpr from . . 19 

Xasal r.Ieet 40 

Xavioular Disease 21 

Xostril— Tumor of the False 35 

Open Joint 26 

Paralysis 39 

Paralysis — Blindness from 32 

Paralysis of the Bladder 35 

Parotid (lland— Inflamed 34 

Parturition 43 

Peritonitis 37 

Pharyn<ritis 31 

Pink" Eye 43 

Pimples 35 

Pleurisy 38 

Pneumonia 31 

Polvpus 34 

Poll Evil 34 

Prick inir from Nails 19 

Piiinirod Feet 21 

Purpura Hemorrhagica 43 

Qua rter Cra<;k 18 

Quinsy 45 

Quittor 18 

Pahies 31 

Rheumatism 31 

K lbs — Broken 31 

Itinphone 25 

Piupworm 42 

I'oarin^r or Whistling 38 

Pu|>1uro 32 

Uupture of Muscles 28 

Rupture of Bladder 36 

Saddle Call 32 

Pan<! Crack 18 

Scratches 28 

Sheath— Foul 44 

Seedy Toe 19 

Side* Bone 23 

Skull^Fracture of 31 

Skin— Itchy . ..32 

Sore Shins .29 

Spasm of the Neck of (he Bladder 35 

Spavin — Blood 24 

Spavin- Bone. 24 

Spavin — OecuH 24 

Spavin — Bop . ... .24 



Sprains of the Leg Tendon , 25 

Sprains of the Back . 30: 

Stomiwh Staggers . . 37 

Stifled \jeg 27 

Stoeking 27 

Stone Bruises 23 

Strangles 44 

Sunstroke 31 

Surfeit or Pimples 35 

Sweeney 2tf 

Tail— Itching 32 

Teeth— Ache 31 

Teeth— Wolf 31 

Teeth of Horse 9-17 

Testicles — Inflammation of 4] 

Tetanus or Ivockjaw 40 

Thoroughpin .24 

Thrush 21 

Tumor 44 

Tumor — Bony 38 

Tumor of the False Nostril 35 

IMder — Inflammation of 48 

Ulceration — Bone 31 

Urine — Bloody 33 

Vein — Inflamed Juglar 32 

Warts ^ 32 

Weed 29 

Whistling or Roaring 38 

Whites or Lcucorrhoea 48 

Withers— Fistulous 33 

Wind Calls 

Womb — Inflammation of 4? 

Worms 42 

Yellows or Jaundice 4r 

INDEX FOR CATTLE. 

Abortion 69] 

After Birth 09: 

-After Pains 'lO 

.Albuminuria til 

Anaemia . . . 
.\nthrax . . . 

.\scites 68 

Bladder — Inflammation of 61 

Bronchitis 56i 

Bronchitis — Verminous 61 

Cancerous Ulcers 

Catarrh * 6fl 

Catarrh — Mai igna nt 

Constipation 

Diarrhoea 

Dislocjitions 62 

Dysentery 60 

Dvspcpaia 57 *■ 



yspcpaia 

Eczema 52 

Enteric Fever 51 

Epizootic Ophtha T 52' 

Kye Troubles 62 

Fardle Bound ... 57 

Flooding 70 

Cadfly 61- 

(Jonorrhoea 72 

Hoven 57 

Hydrocephalus 68 



Hydrothorax 56 

Impaction of Omasum 57 

Impaction of Rumen 58 

Insects — Bothering the Skin 61 

Inversion of the Womb 70 

Kidneys^ — Inflammation of 60 

Leucorrhoea 72 

Lice 61 

Lumpy Jaw 60 

Malpresentations 62 

Malignant Catarrh 54 

Malignant Sore Throat 55 

Mammitis 72 

Mange , 61 

Maw Bound 58 

Metro-Peritonitis ....... .72 

Merto-Peritonitis 72 

Mis-carriage 69 

Paralysis of Tongue 57 

Parturition 62 

Peritonitis 70 

Peritonitis— 'Metro 71 

Plethora 53 

Pleuro Pneumonia 51 

Pleurisy 56 

Pneumonia 56 

Puerperal Fever 71 

Purpura Hemorrhagica 54 

Pyaemia 53 

Red Water 54 

Retention of Urine 61 

Rheumatism - 53 

Rinderfest - 51 

Scours 59 

Sore Throat 56 

Sore Throat — Malignant 55 

Splenic Fever 51 

Sprains 62 

Teeth 49-50 

Texas- Fever 51 

Tongue — ^Paralysis of 57 

Tuberculosis 53 

Udder — ^Inflammation of 72 

Ulcers 54 

Uraemia 53 

Urine — ^Retention of 61 

Uterine Hemorrhage 70 

Verminous Bronchitis 61 

Whites 72 

Womb — ^Inversion of 70 

Worms — All kinds 62 

Wounds . .62 

INDEX FOR HOG. 

Anthrax — Malignant 74 

Brain — Congestion of 74 

Bronchitis - 77 

Catarrh — Malignant Epizootic 73 

Charbon 74 

Congestion of the Brain 74 

Contagious Fever 73 

Contagious Pneumo Enteritis 74 

Diarrhoea 75 



Epizootic Catarrh 73 

Fever — Contagious 73 

Lungs — ^Inflammation of 74 

Lice 75 

Mange . .' 75 

Measles 75 

Pneumo Enteritis 74 

Scab 75 

Splenic Fever , 74 

Staggers 74 

Tonsils — Inf lammatioif of 74 

Trichnia 75 

Worms 75 



INDEX FOR POULTRY. 



Apoplexy 77 

Catarrh ' ' 

Chicken Cholera 78 

Crop Bound 77 

Diarrhoea ^' 

Egg Passage — Inflammation of 78 

Gapes 77 

Lousiness 78 

Leg Weakness 78 

Rip 77 

Roup 77 

Vertigo 77 



INDEX FOR SHEEP. 

Apoplexy 79 

Blow-Flies 80 

Bruises 80 

Catarrh^ — Epizootic ^79 

Distemper 78 

Epizootic Catarrh 79 

Eye — Inflammation of 79 

Foul Foot 70 

Foot Swollen 80 

Gravel 80 

Grubs in the Head 79 

Head Swelled 79 

Lambing 80 

Lice 79 

Liver Flakes 80 

Lock Jaw 79 

Lung Worms 80 

Maggots 80 

Poisoning 79 

Rot— Foot 79 

Rot or Liver Flakes 80 

Scabs 79 

Sprains 80 

Swelled Head 79 

Tetanus or Lock Jaw 79 

Ticks 79 

Vegetable Poisoning 79 

Worms 80 

Worms — Lung 80 



COMPLETE LIST OF 

LEITHHEAD'S GUARANTEED 
VETERINARY PREPARATIONS 

Blister Salve , s .50 

Blister Liquid i.oo 

Colic Cure 50 

Carbo-Zinc Salve 50 

Condition Powders 25 

Gall Cure 25 

" 1 . 00 

Hoot Ointment. . .• 50 

Ho<^ Cholera Remedy 50 

Pink Eye and Fever Remedy 1.00 

Phenyle, for Mange i . 00 

Poultry Powders 25 

Sheep Dip Powders 50 

Stock Food 25 

" 50 

• 3-50 

White Liniment 50 

4. 00 

Worm I'owders 25 

TRADE SUPPLIED BY 

L W. LEITHHEAD DRUG CO., KANSAS CITY DRUG CO., 

DULUTH, MINN. KANSAS CITY, MO. 



